Pengelolaan Perioperatif Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Pembedahan Hipofisis Surgery
Abstract
Pengelolaan perioperatif pada pasien yang menjalani pembedahan kelenjar hipofisis bervariasi sesuai dengan ukuran lesi hipofisis, jenis lesi, metode pembedahan yang digunakan serta fungsi endokrin yang ideal pra-pembedahan. Permasalahan tertentu pada kebanyakan pasien berhubungan dengan kondisi hipersekresi hormon primer serta komplikasi yang menyertainya. Hal ini disebabkan karena tidak adanya metode yang terbaik untuk semua pasien yang menjalani proses pembedahan. Kelenjar hipofisis terletak didasar tulang tengkorak, didalam sella turcica, tepat dibelakang chiasma optica. Kelenjar ini dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu; pars anterior (adenohipofisis) dengan area 75% yang merupakan bagian paling besar, dan pars posterior (neurohipofisis) yang menyatu dengan hipotalamus. Kelenjar ini mensekresi hormon yang juga dikontrol oleh hipotalamus secara hormonal impuls nervus. Tumor hipofisis pada umumnya berasal dari daerah anterior hipofisis, bersifat jinak dan secara gambaran histologis menyerupai kelenjar hipofisis yang normal. Diperlukan adanya serangkaian pemeriksaan awal sebelum dilakukan tindakan bedah pada pasien. Pengelolaan anestesi pada saat proses pembedahan, disesuaikan dengan teknik pembedahan yang dilakukan. Hal lain yang juga tidak kalah pentingnya adalah monitoring kondisi pascabedah pada neurointensive care yang terkait dengan komplikasi dan metode penggantian hormon sementara setelah tindakan bedah dilakukan. Pemahaman mengenai penilaian pra operasi, tata laksana intra operatif, komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi, teknik pembedahan dan cara-cara pencegahan komplikasi, merupakan dasar keberhasilan perawatan pasien perioperatif sehingga mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas.
Perioperative Management Anesthesia on Patients Undergoing Pituitary
Perioperative management on patients undergoing pituitary surgery is varies according to the size of pituitary lesion, type of lesion, surgical method used and the ideal preoperative function of endocrine. Specific problems in most patients relate to primary hormonal hypersecretion conditions and its complications. It cause by the absence of best methods for all patients undergoing this kind of surgery. Pituitary glands lie on the floor of the skulls bone, in sella turcica, right behind the chiasma optica. This glands was divided into two parts, pars anterior (adenohypophyse), its about 75% which is the biggest part of it, and the pars posterior (neurohypophyse) that fused with hypothalamus. This gland secretes hormone that controlled impuls nervus by the hypothalamus. In general, pituitary tumor was came from pars anterior, benign adenoma and histoligically same with a normal glands. A series of initial evaluation is required before the surgery take to the patients. Anesthesia management in the surgery is adapted to its technique. The other things that is equally important is post operative monitoring in neurointensive care, according to complications and transient hormone replacement method after the surgery. The understanding of preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, potential complication, surgical methods and several ways to prevent complications are the fundamental for successful perioperative patients care to prevent morbidity and mortality.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i2.91
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