Diabetes Insipidus Pascaoperasi pada Pasien dengan Reseksi Tumor Kraniofaringioma

I Putu Pramana Suarjaya, Hendrikus Gede Surya Adhi Putra, Ida Bagus Krisna Jaya Sutawan

Abstract


Kraniofaringioma merupakan malformasi embrionik pada area sella dan parasella. Kraniofaringioma memiliki angka kesintasan yang tinggi, walaupun kualitas hidup pasien sering terganggu karena tumor terletak berdekatan dengan struktur anatomi penting seperti saraf optik, kiasma optik dan aksis hipotalamus-pituitari. Reseksi kraniofaringioma dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus (DI) ditandai terjadinya poliuri, dehidrasi dan hipernatremia yang disebabkan oleh defisiensi vasopresin atau antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Pasien laki-laki usia 20 tahun mengeluh poliuria, parestesia pada kedua tangan, pertumbuhan badan yang cepat dan nyeri kepala. Hasil Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kepala dengan kontras menunjukkan adanya tumor ekstraaksial supratentorial pada regio sisterna parasella. Pasien menjalani kraniotomi evakuasi tumor dengan anestesi umum dan tambahan blok scalp. Pascaoperasi pasien mengalami peningkatan volume urine sampai 400ml/jam dan dilakukan penggantian cairan dengan Ringerfundin dan D5 ¼ NS. Pasien mengalami DI dan pemberian vasopresin tetap dilanjutkan selama periode pascaoperasi sampai produksi urine <2ml/kg/jam. Manajemen perioperatif kraniofaringioma bertujuan mengendalikan tekanan intrakranial, mencegah cedera otak sekunder serta pemantauan pascaoperasi di ruang intensif untuk mengatasi komplikasi termasuk DI. Pada kasus ini terjadi poliuri dan peningkatan kadar natrium plasma akibat DI yang dapat diatasi dengan pemberian vasopresin pascaoperasi dan rehidrasi untuk mempertahankan kecukupan cairan serta menjaga keseimbangan kadar natrium plasma.

 

Postoperative Diabetes Insipidus in Patient with Craniopharyngioma Tumor Resection

Abstract

Craniopharyngioma is an embryonic malformation in the sella and parasella areas. Craniopharyngioma has high survival rate, although the patient's quality of life is often compromised due to tumor’s location near important anatomical structures such as the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Craniopharyngioma tumor resection can provoke diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by polyuria, dehydration and hypernatremia due to vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency. A 20 years old male patient complained of polyuria, paresthesia in both hands, rapid body growth, and headaches. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast revealed cystic mass in the parasella cistern region suggested craniopharyngioma. This patient underwent craniotomy tumor resection under general anesthesia and additional scalp block. Postoperatively the patient experienced an increased urine volume up to 400 ml/hour and fluid replacement was performed with crystalloids Ringerfundin and D5 ¼ NS. The patient suffered DI and vasopressin was continued in the postoperative period until urine output reduced to <2 ml/kg/hour. Perioperative management of craniopharyngioma is controlling intracranial pressure, prevent secondary brain injury and postoperative monitoring in the intensive care unit to manage potential complications such as DI. In this case, patient suffered polyuria and increased plasma sodium levels which was safely treated by administration of vasopressin and rehydration to maintain fluid adequacy and balance of plasma sodium levels.


Keywords


Diabetes insipidus, kraniofaringioma, kraniotomi, tumor ekstraaksial

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v12i2.526

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