Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi Perioperatif dan Anestesia pada Kraniotomi Evakuasi Perdarahan Intraserebral Spontan
Abstract
Pendarahan intraserebral spontan memiliki morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi dengan case fatality rate satu bulan mencapai 40%. Pendarahan intraserebral adalah kasus gawat darurat. Evakuasi perdarahan intraserebral menjadi pilihan bila terjadi ekspansi volume bekuan darah yang bermakna disertai perburukan klinis. Penatalaksanaan perioperatif pendarahan intraserebral spontan yang baik akan menurunkan kejadian morbiditas dan mortalitas paska bedah. Pasien laki-laki 46 tahun datang dengan penurunan kesadaran, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) E3V5M6 dan lemas separuh badan sebelah kiri. Pada computerized tomography (CT) scan didapatkan pendarahan intraserebral pada lobus parieto-oksipital kanan dengan volume 22 ml disertai edema perifokal. Awalnya dilakukan penatalaksanaan konservatif, karena terjadi penurunan kesadaran dan perburukan klinis yang berlangsung dalam waktu singkat, dilakukan kraniotomi evakuasi bekuan darah intraserebral pada hari ketiga perawatan. Pasien dirawat di ruang rawat intensif pascabedah selama dua hari dan pindah ke ruang rawat biasa dengan GCS E4V5M6. Penatalaksanaan perioperatif untuk pasien stroke perdarahan intraserebral dengan riwayat hipertensi tak terkendali yang menjalani pembedahan evakuasi perdarahan segera karena terjadinya perburukan neurologis bertujuan untuk menjamin perfusi otak yang adekuat dan menyediakan kondisi lapangan pembedahan yang optimal. Tekanan darah yang stabil dan perfusi otak yang adekuat selama periode perioperatif, memungkinkan pasien pulih dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang rendah.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v11i3.499
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