Pulih Sadar Pascaanestesi yang Tertunda
Abstract
Dengan penggunaan obat-obatan anestesi dengan kerja singkat, umumnya pasien dapat segera dibangunkan pascaoperasi dan pembiusan. Namun dapat terjadi proses pulih sadar yang tertunda karena berbagai penyebab. Proses pulih sadar yang tertunda pascaanestesi masih merupakan suatu masalah bagi ahli bedah dan anestesi. Seharusnya pada akhir operasi dan pembiusan, pasien sudah kembali ke tingkat kesadaran penuh, mampu mempertahankan reflex jalan nafas dengan ventilasi yang adekuat dengan nyeri yang terkendali. Waktu proses pulih sadar pascaanestesi dapat bervariasi dan tergantung dari berbagai faktor risiko terkait kondisi pasien prapembedahan, jenis anestesi yang diberikan dan lama operasi. Pulih sadar pascaanestesi yang tertunda terutama disebabkan oleh medikasi dan obat-obatan anestesi pada waktu perioperatif. Penyebabnya multifaktor dan obat-obatan anestesi tidak selalu menjadi penyebab. Apabila faktor penyebab lain telah dapat disingkirkan maka wajib dipertimbangkan yang menjadi penyebab adalah kelaian intrakranial akut. Sembari mencari penyebab, tatalaksana awalnya adalah mempertahankan jalan nafas, pernafasan dan sirkulasi. Walaupun proses pulih sadar yang tertunda pascaanestesi jarang ditemukan, mengenali gejala dan penyebab menjadi wajib untuk dapat dilakukan tatalaksana proses pulih sadar yang tertunda pascaanestesi sehingga dapat mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitasnya. Diagnosis yang akurat adalah kunci tatalaksana dan ahli anestesi memegang peran penting dalam mencegah terjadinya komplikasi anestesi ini.
Delayed Emergence from Anaesthesia
The use of fast acting general anaesthetic agents leads to patients awaken quickly in the post operative period. However sometimes recovery is protracted and the list of possible causes in long. Delayed emergence from anaesthesia remains a major cause of concern both for anaesthesiologist and surgeon. Ideally, on completion of surgery and anaesthesia, the patient should be awake or easily arousable, protecting the airay, maintaining adequate ventilation and with their pain under control. The time taken to emerge to fully consciousness is affected by patient factors, anaesthetic factors, duration of surgery and painfull stimulation. The principal factor for delayed awakening from anaesthesia assumed to be the medications and anaesthestic agents used in the perioperatif period. Delayed emergene from anaesthesia is often multifactorial and anaesthetic agent may not always be the culprit. When other causes are excluded, the possibility acute intracranial event should be considered. While the specific cause is being sought , primary management is always support of airway, breathing and circulation. Although delayed emergence from general anesthesia is not uncommon, recognizing the cause and instituting timely treatment is imperative in condition where delayed therapy can increase morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis is the key of management and anesthesiologist play a key role in the prevention of this anesthetic complication.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol6i3.48
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