Edema Paru Neurogenik Perioperatif
Abstract
Edema paru neurogenik (EPN) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian di ruang perawatan intensif. Kejadian ini lebih sering tersamarkan sebagai penyakit atau gangguan yang murni berasal dari sistem pernafasan. Pemeriksaan untuk menegakkan diagnosis EPN perlu dilakukan, baik secara radiologis dan laboratoris. Ada beberapa hal yang sangat berguna pada penentuan perkiraan kejadian EPN ini, antara lain adalah penyebab kejadian neurologis yang terjadi, pemeriksaan penunjang, lama perawatan berjalan di RS, serta prakondisi penyakit penyerta yang dimiliki oleh pasien ataupun keluarganya. Pasein yang akan menjalani prosedur operasi dan memiliki gangguan respirasi sebelumnya atau riwayat gangguan neurologis sebelumnya atau bahkan keduanya, menjadi catatatan tersendiri akan resiko kejadian EPN perioperatif. EPN pada dasarnya bisa ditatalaksana dengan baik bilamana dalam pengelolaannya secara komprehensif dan selalu mempertimbangkan kemungkinan diagnosa banding kausatifnya, karena bila salah dalam penentuan diagnosanya, maka tentunya akan mengakibatkan kesalahan dalam terapinya. Pengelolaan EPN yang efektif dan efisien, didasarkan pada tegaknya diagnosis yang diperkuat dengan dukungan pemeriksaan laboratorium dan penunjang, untuk menyingkirkan kerancuan penyebab dari EPN, apakah murni kasus neurologis ataupun non – neurologis. Pasien pasca pembedahan yang terindikasi mengalami EPN, selama perawatan di ruang perawatan intensif ataupun ruangan perawatan pasca anestesi (post anesthesia care unit/ PACU), perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus untuk sementara waktu, dengan tujuan agar pasien tidak mengalami pemburukan.
Perioperative Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema
Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is one of the leading causes of death in the intensive care unit. These events are often disguised as diseases or disorders that originate purely from the respiratory system. Diagnostic examination of NPE needs to be done, both radiologically and in the laboratory. Several things are useful in determining the estimated incidence of NPE, including the causes of neurological events, supporting examinations, length of stay, and preconditions for comorbidities owned by the patient or his family. Patients who are about to undergo a surgical procedure and have previous respiratory problems, a recent history of neurological disorders, or even both have a special note about the risk of perioperative NPE events. Management of NPE can be appropriate if it is managed comprehensively and always considers possible differential diagnoses of causes because if it is wrong to make a diagnosis, then of course it will result in an error in therapy. Effective and efficient management of NPE, based on diagnosis that is strengthened by the support of laboratory and supporting examinations, to rule out ambiguous causes of NPE, both purely neurological and non-neurological cases. Postoperative patients who are indicated to have NPE, during treatment in the intensive care unit or post anesthesia care unit (PACU), need to receive temporary special attention so that the patient does not experience aggravation.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v12i2.464
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