Manajemen Anestesia pada Evakuasi Epidural Haemorrhage (EDH) dengan Pendarahan Masif

Nurul Huda, Buyung Hartiyo Laksono

Abstract


Cedera otak traumatik menjadi penyebab dari mortalitas dan morbiditas di seluruh dunia. Epidural Haemorrhage (EDH) merupakan salah satu bentuk cedera otak traumatik dimana waktu adalah indikator yang harus diperhatikan dalam tatalaksananya. Fokus utama selama penatalaksanaan kasus cedera otak traumatik adalah stabilisasi pasien dan mengendalikan tekanan intrakranial, serta mempertahankan oksigenasi dan perfusi otak. Selanjutnya dilakukan dekompresi dengan pembedahan. Evakuasi dan kontrol perdarahan harus dikerjakan dalam waktu singkat untuk menghindari cedera lebih lanjut. Praktik neuroanastesi, sebagai penunjang dalam tatalaksana cedera otak traumatik, sering diasosiasikan dengan kejadian kehilangan darah yang mengakibatkan kondisi anemia selama periode intra operatif dan pasca operatif. Meskipun anemia berkorelasi dengan hasil akhir yang buruk pada pasien cedera otak, transfusi sel darah merah untuk mengoreksi kondisi anemia juga berkorelasi dengan hasil akhir yang buruk pada pasien. Masih belum ada rekomendasi yang jelas mengenai pemberian transfusi, apakah restriksi atau masif, terkait dengan manfaat yang diberikan. Pasien laki-laki, usia 51 tahun dengan keluhan penurunan kesadaran dan muntah-muntah, rujukan dari rumah sakit sebelumnya dengan diagnosis cedera kepala sedang 225 dengan EDH temporoparietal 96cc, midline shift 11mm ke kanan, edema serebri. Selama durante operasi terjadi perdarahan masif yang mengganggu status hemodinamik sehingga diberikan transfusi komponen darah sampai didapatkan status hemodinamik yang stabil. Pada perawatan pasca operasi di ICU, kondisi pasien relatif baik.

 

Blood Transfusion Management for Epidural Haemorrhage (EDH) Evacuation with Massive Bleeding

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury causes mortality and morbidity worldwide. Epidural Haemorrhage (EDH) is a form of head injury where time is an indicator that must be considered in its management. The main focus during traumatic brain injury management is patient stabilization and control of intracranial pressure, as well as maintaining brain oxygenation and perfusion. Subsequently, surgical decompression was performed. Evacuation and bleeding control should be done in a short time to avoid further injury. The practice of neuroanesthesia, as a support in the management of traumatic brain injuries, is often associated with blood loss that results in anemia during the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Although anemia correlates with poor outcome in brain-injured patients, red blood cell transfusion to correct anemia also correlates with poor outcome in patients. There are still no clear recommendations regarding the administration of transfusions, whether restrictive or massive, regarding the benefits provided. Male patient, age 51 years with complaints of decreased consciousness and vomiting, referred from the previous hospital with a diagnosis of moderate head injury 225 with 96cc temporoparietal EDH, 11mm midline shift to the right, and cerebral edema. During the operation period, there was massive bleeding that interfered with the hemodynamic status so that blood components were transfused until a stable hemodynamic status was obtained. In postoperative care in the ICU, the patient is relatively in good condition.


Keywords


cedera kepala traumatik; Epidural Haemorrhage (EDH); transfusi; traumatic brain injury; epidural haemorrhage (EDH); transfusion

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v10i1.329

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