Pengelolaan Neuroanestesi pada Pasien dengan Pentalogy of Fallot

Eka Satrio Putra, Retno Suryandari, Purwoko Purwoko, Ardana Tri Arianto

Abstract


Pentalogy of Fallot (POF) salah satu jenis cacat jantung bawaan sianotik langka yang berpotensi tinggi komplikasi abses cerebri. Abses cerebri sering dijumpai pada kelainan jantung sianotik karena terjadinya hipoksia kronis dan yang kedua adalah hiperviskositas karena berkurangnya aliran mikrosirkulasi ke otak. Kami melaporkan seorang anak laki-laki berusia 6 tahun, berat badan 14 kg dengan abses otak multiple yang disertai dengan Pentalogy of Fallot (POF) yang akan dilakukan kraniotomi evakuasi abses. Pemeriksaan fisik preoperatif didapatkan GCS E4V5M6, SpO2 preductal 88%, post ductal 84 % dalam posisi supine. Pada sistem kardiovaskular didapatkan bunyi jantung I-II regular, bising sistolik terkuat di parasternal kiri ICS 3 grade 3, clubbing finger. Nilai hemoglobin 14,4gr%, hematokrit 43%, leukositosis 13,200/mm³ Tujuan anestesi pada penyakit jantung sianotik POF adalah menjaga curah jantung dengan mempertahankan denyut jantung, kontraktilitas juga preload, mencegah peningkatan rasio PVR:SVR serta menghindari hipersianosis akibat peningkatan mendadak kebutuhan oksigen sistemik. Pilihan agen anestesi harus didasarkan pada fisiologi pasien dan tujuan menyeimbangkan aliran darah paru dan sistemik. Rehidrasi yang adekuat sebelum induksi dan penggunaan diuretik manitol dapat dipertimbangkan mengingat hiperviskositas menurunkan pengiriman oksigen ke otak. Peningkatan TIK dari ketamine dapat dikurangi dengan hiperventilasi, kombinasi dengan benzodiazepin dan dengan pencegahan hipercapnia. Maka dari itu monitoring end tidal CO2 (ETCO2) perlu diperhatikan. Pengelolaan perioperatif pasien POF pada kasus evakuasi abses cerebri pada anak laki- laki usia 6 tahun pada laporan berikut ini menuliskan pentingnya pemahaman akan patofisiologi POF dan teknik neuroanestesi untuk mendapatkan luaran yang baik.

 

Neuroanesthesia on Patient with Pentalogy of Fallot

Abstract

Pentalogy of Fallot (POF) is a rare type of cyanotic congenital heart defect with high risk of having cerebral abscesses as one of its complications. Cerebral abscesses are often found in cyanotic heart disease due to chronic hypoxia and hyperviscosity reduced microcirculatory flow to the brain. We report a 6-year-old boy, 14 kg body weight with multiple brain abscesses accompanied by Pentalogy of Fallot (POF) who undergone a craniotomy to evacuate the abscess. Preoperative physical examination found GCS E4V5M6, other vital signs within normal limits, preductal oxygen saturation 88%, post ductal oxygen saturation in supine position 84%. The I-II heart sounds are regular with grade 3 systolic murmur in the left parasternal third intercostal space and clubbing finger was found. The laboratory shows a hemoglobin value of 14.4gr%, hematocrit of 43%, leukocytosis 13,200/mm³. The goal of anesthesia in cyanotic heart disease is to maintain cardiac output by stabilize heart rate, contractility as well as preload, prevent the increase of PVR:SVR ratio and avoid hypercyanotic due to sudden increase in systemic oxygen demand. The choice of anesthetic agent must be based on the patient's physiology. Adequate rehydration before induction and use of mannitol diuretics can be considered to reduce hyperviscosity that decrease oxygen delivery to the brain. Increased intracranial pressure from ketamine can be reduced by hyperventilation, in conjunction to benzodiazepines and prevention of hypercapnia. Therefore, monitoring end tidal CO2 (ETCO2) needs to be done. This case report delineating the perioperative management of a 6 years old boy with POF underwent evacuation of cerebral abscesses, will highlight the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of POF and neuroanesthesia techniques in order to receive a good outcome.


Keywords


Pentallogy of fallot, abses cerebri, perioperatif, Pentalogy of fallot, cerebral abcess, perioperative

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v9i3.273

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