Manajemen Anestesi untuk Seksio Sesarea pada Pasien Eklampsia dengan Perdarahan Intrakranial

Chrismas Gideon Bangun, Sudadi Sudadi, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Perdarahan intrakranial pada kehamilan adalah penyebab kematian utama pada pasien-pasien dengan eklampsia. Hipertensi, yang berkaitan dengan stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik, adalah tampilan utama. Penanganan definitif merupakan terminasi kehamilan dengan seksio sesarea. Namun, tidak tepat untuk memulai persalinan pada ibu yang tidak stabil, sekalipun terdapat gawat janin. Begitu kejang dapat dikendalikan, hipertensi berat ditangani dan hipoksia dikoreksi, persalinan dapat dimulai. Sasaran manajemen anestesia yang pertama yaitu pengendalian kejang, pengendalian tekanan darah, dan pencegahan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial. Anestesi umum merupakan pilihan pada pasien tidak sadar, atau penurunan kesadaran dengan tanda-tanda peningkatan tekanan intrakranial. Anestesia dicapai dengan inhalasi, opioid, relaksasi dan hiperventilasi secara hati-hati. Pada kasus ini seorang ibu 31 tahun, 55 kg, usia kehamilan 36-37 minggu datang ke rumah sakit dengan penurunan kesadaran dan riwayat kejang. Dijumpai sensorium E2M5V2, tekanan darah 180/100mmHg dan proteinuri 3+. Segera diputuskan dilakukan seksio sesarea dengan anestesi umum dan rapid sequence induction dengan fentanyl 50 mcg, propofol 100 mg dan rocuronium 50 mg intravena. Post operasi pasien dirawat di ICU, dilakukan head CT-Scan dan dijumpai perdarahan intrakranial di temporoparietal kanan. Penanganan perdarahan intrakranial diputuskan konservatif. Hari ke-3 pascabedah pasien diekstubasi dan pada hari ke-5 pasien dipindahkan ke ruangan dengan sensorium E3M5V2.

 

Management of Anesthesia for Eclampsia Caesarean Section Patient with Intracranial Bleeding

Abstract

Intracranial haemorrhage in pregnancy is the leading cause of death in eclampsia patients. Hypertension, which is associated with both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, is the main feature. Definitive treatment is termination of pregnancy with cesarean section. However, it is not appropriate to start labor in an unstable mother, despite fetal distress. Once seizures can be controlled, severe hypertension is treated and hypoxia is corrected, labor may begin. The first anesthesia management goals are seizure control, blood pressure control, and prevention of increased intracranial pressure. General anesthesia is an option in the unconscious patient, or decreased consciousness with signs of increased intracranial pressure. Anesthesia is achieved with inhalation, opioids, relaxation and hyperventilation techniques carefully. In this case a 31-year-old mother, 55 kg, 36-37 weeks' gestation comes to the hospital with a decrease in consciousness and a history of seizures. Found sensorium E2M5V2, blood pressure 180/100mmHg and proteinuria 3+. Immediately, a cesarean section with general anesthesia and rapid sequence induction with fentanyl 50 mcg, propofol 100 mg and rocuronium 50 mg intravenously were performed. Post surgery the patient was treated in the ICU, head CT-Scan was performed and intracranial hemorrhage in the right temporoparietal was encountered. Management of intracranial hemorrhage was decided conservatively. The 3rd day postoperative the patient was extubated and on the 5th day the patient was transferred with E3M5V2 sensorium.


Keywords


seksio sesarea, eklampsia, perdarahan intrakranial

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v10i2.198

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