Anestesi untuk Pengangkatan Meningioma Suprasella dengan Pendekatan Supraorbita

Yudi Hadinata, M. Isngadi, Buyung Hartiyo Laksono

Abstract


Anestesi pada kasus meningioma memiliki beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan. Otak merupakan jaringan yang tertutup oleh tulang kranium dan memiliki jaringan pembuluh darah yang banyak sehingga beresiko untuk terjadinya pendarahan dan edema. Kondisi jaringan otak yang rileks dibutuhkan ketika akan dilakukan operasi otak melalui insisi kecil supraorbita. Tanpa penanganan anestesi yang baik maka ahli bedah saraf akan kesulitan untuk melakukan pendekatan pada tumor dan meningkatkan resiko edema otak karena manipulasi operasi. Pada kasus ini dilaporkan pasien wanita usia 44 tahun datang dengan keluhan nyeri kepala hebat dan pusing dirasakan sejak 8 bulan sebelum masuk rumahsakit, mengalami periode kejang selama 1–2 menit, terjadi kurang lebih 1x/bulan, penglihatan pada mata kanan buram. Pasien didiagnosa dengan meningioma suprasellar, dan direncanakan dilakukan pembedahan dengan pendekatan subfrontal. Status fisik ASA 3 dengan riwayat asma, riwayat sepsis karena pneumonia dan infeksi saluran kemih, riwayat Steven Johnson karena phenytoin, leukositosis 10.570, defisit neurologis. Pasien dilakukan tindakan anestesi umum dengan intubasi. Induksi dengan midazolam, fentanyl, lidokain, propofol, dan vecuronium. Operasi dengan pendekatan supraorbita berlangsung selama 10 jam. Pascabedah, pasien dirawat di Unit Perawatan Intensif (Intensive Care Unit/ICU) selama 2 hari sebelum pindah ruangan. Kontrol faktor fisiologi dan perlakuan anestesi yang dilakukan selama operasi memiliki pengaruh kepada jaringan otak. Lebih lanjut lagi, seorang dokter anestesi harus memiliki pengetahuan tentang berbagai macam efek obat untuk mencapai hal tersebut dan mengetahui kondisi premorbid pasien yang dapat mempengaruhinya.

 

Anesthesia Management for Suprasella Meningioma Removal with Supraorbital Approach

Anesthesia for meningioma presents special considerations. The brain is enclosed in a rigid skull and the brain is a highly vascular organ presenting potential for massive perioperative hemorrhage and edema. A slack brain is necessary when treating neoplastic lesions through the small supraorbital approach. Without optimal anesthesia care, the neurosurgeon can not reach the operative site and the risk of brain edema due to extensive brain manipulation is increased. This case reports a 44 years old woman with severe headache and dizziness for 8 months prior to admission she suffers from 1–2 minutes periods of seizure once a month, and experienced a blured vision on her right eye. She was diagnosed with suprasellar meningioma, which will be removed with supraorbital surgical approach. ASA 3rd was confirmed with history of status asthmaticus, septic condition due to pneumonia and urinary tract infection, history of Steven-Johnson syndrome due to phenytoin, leucocytosis of a count of 10.570, and neurological deficits general anesthesia was performed. Induction of anesthesia was done using midazolam, fentanyl, lidocaine, propofol and vecuronium. The surgery for meningioma was conducted within 10 hours. Patient was managed in the Intensive Care Unit post operatively for 2 days prior to ward transfer. Physiologic and anesthetics factors controlled by the anesthesiologist have profound effects on the brain. Furthermore, anesthesiologists are required knowledge of the effects of various drugs on the issues mentioned above and patient conditions.


Keywords


Anestesi umum; meningioma; suprasella; General anesthesia; meningiomas; suprasella

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol2i3.158

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