Luaran Pasien Dengan Perdarahan Intraserebral dan Intraventrikular yang Dilakukan Vp-Shunt Emergensi

Zafrullah Kany Jasa, Sri Rahardjo, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Perdarahan intraventrikuler dan intraserebral merupakan kejadian akut yang dapat timbul spontan terutama akibat hipertensi dan aneurisma yang pecah atau oleh karena cedera kepala akibat trauma. Pada keadaan akut tindakan yang dilakukan dapat berupa pemberian obat-obatan ataupun tindakan pembedahan. Tindakan pembedahan yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengurangi tekanan intrakranial yang meningkat mendadak dan mengeluarkan hematoma untuk segera memperbaiki gangguan fungsi dan mencegah kerusakan neurologis lebih berat. Tindakan ini diharapkan dapat menurunkan tekanan intrakranial serta mengurangi resiko timbulnya hidrosefalus akibat tersumbatnya sistem ventrikel di otak sebagai salah satu kompilkasi dari perdarahan intrakranial.

Subjek dan Metode: Telah dilakukan tindakan pemasangan Ventrikulo-Peritoneal Shunt (VP-Shunt) pada 8 orang pasien yang mengalami perdarahan intraventrikuler atau perdarahan intraserebral oleh karena stroke dan trauma dalam 72 jam pertama setelah timbulnya gejala. Dilakukan perbandingan terhadap GCS awal sebelum operasi dan 72 jam setelah operasi serta luaran terhadap pasien terebut.

Hasil: Didapatkan bahwa 6 orang pasien (75%) terjadi peningkatan GCS setelah pemasangan VP-Shunt. Dari pasien yang mengalami perbaikan GCS didapatkan selanjutnya 4 orang (50%) dipulangkan dan 4 pasien meninggal selama perawatan karena komplikasi.

Simpulan: Tindakan VP-Shunt pada keadaat akut terhadap pasien perdarahan intraventrikuler dan intraserebral diduga dapat memperbaiki tingkat kesadaran meskipun luaran pasien tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna

 

Outcome of Patients with Intracerebral and Intraventricular Haemorrhage After an Emergency Vp-Shunt Insertion

Background and Objective: Intraventricular and intracerebral haemorrhage is an acute condition that can occurs spontaneously due to hypertension or rupture of aneurism, and also can be occurs as a result from brain damage caused by trauma. Management in this acute condition can be done by either giving particular drugs or through surgical procedures. The aim of surgical procedure is to reduce a sudden increase of intracranial pressure as well as to evacuate hematome, in order to prevent functional neurology disturbance and damage. By performing this management, intracranial pressure is expected to decrease, and to reduce the risk of hydrocephalus resulted from an occlusion in brain ventricular system as one of the complication of intracranial haemorrhage.

Subject and Method: Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt (VP-Shunt) was inserted during the first 72 hours after the event in 8 patients with intraventricular and intracerebral haemorrhage due to stroke and trauma. Level of consciousness was assessed, by comparing the pre-operative and 72 hours post-operative using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the patient outcome was also assessed.

Result: Six (75%) patients showed an increase GCS after VP-Shunt insertion, with 4 of them can be discharged from the hospital, whilst 4 patients died due to other complications.

Conclusion: VP-Shunt insertion in acute condition in patients with intraventricular and intracerebral haemorrhage is considered to be useful in accelerating the level of consciousness, even though the overall outcome of the patients is not significantly different.


Keywords


perdarahan intraventikuler; perdarahan intraserebral; ventrikulo-peritoneal shunt; intraventricular haemorrhage; intracerebral haemorrhage; ventriculo-peritoneal shunt

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i3.99

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