Disfungsi Kognitif Pascaoperasi Pada Pasien Operasi Elektif

Lucky Andriyanto, W Wijoto, Nancy Margereta Rehatta

Abstract


Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Disfungsi kognitif pascaoperasi (DKPO) sering terjadi dan menjadi masalah serius karena dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien yang menjalani pembedahan dan meningkatkan beban pembiayaan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui angka kejadian DKPO pada pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif di RSU dr. Sutomo dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya.

Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini melibatkan 50 orang sampel berusia 40 tahun atau lebih yang menjalani pembedahan lebih dari dua jam. Dilakukan serangkaian pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif praoperasi dan tujuh hari pascaoperasi. Domain kognitif yang diukur adalah atensi dan memori. Faktor yang diduga mempengaruhi kejadian DKPO dalam penelitian ini adalah usia, tingkat pendidikan dan durasi operasi.

Hasil: Tujuh hari pascaoperasi 30% sampel mengalami gangguan atensi, 36% sampel mengalami gangguan memori dan 52% sampel mengalami disfungsi kognitif pascaoperasi. Pemeriksaan kognitif yang mengalami penurunan bermakna adalah digit repetition test, immediate recall, dan paired associate learning. Analisa logistik regresi variabel usia (p=0,798), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,921) dan durasi operasi (p=0,811) terhadap kejadian DKPO menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna. Namun bila dianalisa pada masing masing kelompok usia tampak bahwa persentase pasien yang mengalami DKPO konsisten lebih tinggi pada usia  50 tahun, tingkat pendidikan  6 tahun dan durasi operasi  180 menit

Simpulan: Kejadian disfungsi kognitif pada pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif di RSU dr. Sutomo cukup tinggi. Faktor usia, tingkat pendidikan dan durasi operasi tampaknya mempengaruhi kejadian DKPO meskipun secara statistik tidak signifikan.

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction In Elective Surgical Patient

Background and Objective: Post operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common and becoming a serious problem since it can impair the quality of life of the patient who underwent surgery and increase the burden of health cost. In this study, author wanted to know the incidence of POCD among patients undergoing elective surgery patients in dr. Sutomo hospital and examine the risk factors.

Method: The study involved a sample of fifty people aged 40 years or older who underwent surgery more than two hours. Conducted a series of cognitive function tests pre-surgery and seven days post-surgery. Cognitive domain that measured were attention and memory. Factors that thought to affect the incidence of POCD in this study were age, educational level and duration of surgery.

Result: After 7 days post surgery 30 % of patients had attention decline, 36 % patients had memory decline and 52 % had post operative cognitive decline. Cognitve function test that decrease significantly are digit repetition test, immediate recall, and paired associate learning. Regression logistic analysis for age (p = 0.798), education level (p = 0.921) and duration of surgery (p = 0.811) on the incidence POCD showed no significant relationship. However, when analyzed in each group of age, the results would show that the percentage of patients experiencing POCD was consistently higher in the age of 50 years or older, education level of 6 years or less and duration of surgery of 180 minutes or longer.

Conclusion: The incidence of cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing elective surgery in dr. Sutomo hospital was considered high. Age, education level and duration of surgery appeared to influence the incidence of POCD although not statistically significant. 


Keywords


kognitif pascaoperasi; atensi; memori; anestesi umum; cognitive dysfunction; attention; memory; general anesthesia

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i2.96

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