Penanganan Anestesi pada Cedera Otak Traumatik

Diana Christine Lalenoh, M. H Sudjito, Bambang Suryono

Abstract


Cedera otak traumatik (COT) atau Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) merupakan masalah besar di dunia karena mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi. Di Amerika setiap tahun cedera kepala terjadi pada 600.000 orang. Di Jerman sekitar 17,6% dari seluruh kasus trauma adalah cedera otak traumatik dan paling sering menyebabkan kematian (26%). Dilaporkan penanganan anestesi pada seorang pasien laki-laki 19 tahun, dengan berat badan 65 kg dengan diagnosa adanya epidural hematoma (EDH), ICH regio frontotemporalis sinistra, ICH regio temporalis dekstra, dan fraktur linear os temporal sinistra. Dilakukan kraniniotomi untuk pengambilan bekuan darah.Tekanan darah saat masuk kamar operasi 110/70 mmHg, laju nadi 98 kali /menit, laju napas 24 kali /menit, suhu badan 37,50 C, dan GCS E1V3M5. Pasien diinduksi dengan Fentanyl 100 μg, Propofol 100 mg, fasilitas intubasi dengan Rocuronium 40 mg, Lidokain 70 mg, dan pemeliharaan dengan Isofluran dan Oksigen serta Propofol kontinyu, dan penambahan fentanyl dan rokuronium intermiten. Operasi berlangsung selama empat jam, kemudian dipindahkan ke ICU. Setelah dirawat selama 2 hari di ICU, pasien kemudian dipindahkan ke ruangan dengan GCS pasca operasi E3V5M6. Pengelolaan anestesi untuk perdarahan otak karena cedera otak traumatik membutuhkan suatu pengertian mengenai patofisiologi dari peningkatan tekanan intrakranial, tekanan perfusi otak. Resusitasi otak perioperatif secara farmakologik dan non-farmakologik adalah sangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya cedera otak sekunder.


Anesthesia Management in Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a big problem in the world because of high mortality and morbidity. TBI burdens approximately 600,000 people every year in USA. Head injuries are found in 17.6% of all trauma in-patients and are the most common cause of death after injury (26.6%) in German. Here we report anesthetic management in male, 19 yrs old, 65 kgs body wieght, diagnose was Epidural Haematome (EDH), left frontotemporal intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), right temporal ICH, and linear fracture of left temporal bone. He was undergoing craniotomy procedure to evacuate blood clot. Blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg, HR 98 x / m, RR 24 x /m ,core temperature 37,50 C. GCS E1 V3 M5. Induction of anesthesia was with Fentanyl 100 μg, Propofol 100 mg. Intubation with Rocuronium 40 mg, Lidocaine 70 mg, and maintenance with Isofluran and oxygen with intermittent Propofol, Fentanyl, and Rocuronium. After undergoing 4 hours anesthesia for craniotomy was ended, patient transfer to ICU. After 2 days patient was transfer to ward with GCS score E3V5M6. Anesthesia managementi in intracranial bleeding ec TBI is very important for understand intracranial hypertension pathophysiology, cerebral perfusion pressure. Basic brain rescucitation perioperatively with pharmacological and non pharmacological strategies is very important in TBI to prevent secondary brain injury.


Keywords


cedera otak traumatik; penatalaksanaan anestesi; tekanan intrakranial; traumatic brain injury; anesthesia management; intracranial pressure

Full Text:

PDF

References


Widiyanto T. Cedera Kepala: EpidemiologiPatofisiologi. Exomed. Bedah Saraf Indonesia.

Curry P, Viernes D, Sharma D. Perioperative management of traumatic brain injury. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2011; 1 (1): 27-35

Ali B & Drage S. Management of head injuries. Anesthesia Tutorial of The Week, March 2007.

Lovell MR, Echemendia RJ, Barth JT, Collins MU. Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports: An International Neuropsychological Perspective. Reviews. Lisse, The Netherlands Swets & Zcitlangen. J Head Trauma Rehabil. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005; 20(1): 110-3.

Kass IS, Cottrell JE. Brain metabolism, the pathophysiology of brain injury, and potential beneficial agents and techniques. Dalam: Cottrell JE, Young WL, eds. Cottrell and Young‟s Neuroanesthesia. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2010, 1-16.

Martiniuc C, Dorobat Gh. Polytrauma with severe traumatic brain injury. Case report. Romanian Neurosurgery, 2010; XVII (1): 10813.

Japardi I. Penatalaksanaan cedera kepala secara operatif. Bagian Bedah Fakultas Kedokteran USU. USU Digital Library, 2004 : 1-4.

Anurogo D, Retnaningsih. Cedera Kepala Traumatik (Bagian 3). Neurologi Update 2008: 1-5.

Bisri T. Dasar-dasar Neuroanestesia. Seri Buku Literasi Anestesiologi. Bandung: Saga Olahcitra; 2011.

Brady KM, Lee JK, Kibler KK, Easley RB, Koehler RC, Czosnyka M, Smielewski P, et al. The lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation is increased with elevated intracranial pressure. Anesth Analg 2009; 108 (4): 1278-83.

Sakabe T, Matsumoto M. Effects of Anesthetic Agents and Other Drugs on Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Intracranial Pressure. Dalam: Cottrell JE, Young WL, eds. Cottrell and Young‟s Neuroanesthesia. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2010,78-94.

Lehmann U, Rickels E, Krettek C. Multiple trauma with craniocerebral trauma. early definitive surgical management of long bone fractures? Unfallchirurg 2001; 104 (3): 196209.

Watters FJM. Management of a head injury. Update in Anaesthesia, 2000: 1-2.

Dunham CM, Barraco RD, Clark DE, Daley BJ, Davis FE, Gibbs MA, Knuth T, et al. Guidelines for emergency tracheal intubation immediately following traumatic injury. An East Practice Management Guidelines Workgroup. Eastern Association for The Surgery of Trauma, 2002: 1-80.

Kirsh DL. CES for mild traumatic brain injury, 2008: 1-5.

Ashley MJ. Traumatic Brain Injury: Rehabilitative treatment and case management. reviews. Dalam: Callahan CD, ed. J Head Trauma Rehabil. Philadelhia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005; 20 (1): 110-13.

Yordakoc A, Gunday I, Memis D. Effects of halothane, isofluran, and sevoflurane on lipid peroxidatin following experimental closed head trauma in rats. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52 (5): 658-63.

Kadoi Y, Takahashi K, Saito S, Goto E. The comparative effects of sevoflurane versus isofluran on cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Anesth Analg 2006; 103 (1): 168-72.

Goren S, Kahveci N, Alkan T, Goren B, Korfali E. The effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on intracranial pressure following diffuse brain injury in rats. Turkish Neurosurgery, 1999; 9: 92-7.

Sabsovich I, Rehman Z, Yunen J, Coritsidis G. Propofol Infusion Syndrome: A Case of Increasing Morbidity with Traumatic Brain Injury. Am J Crit Care, 2007; 16: 82-5. Available from http://ajcc.aacjournals.org/cgi/external_ref?link _type=PERMISSION DIRECT on February 2012.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i2.92

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


                                    

 

JNI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License