Perioperatif Anestesi Pada Kraniotomi Penderita Cedera Otak Berat

Bambang Harijono, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Cedera otak traumatik (TBI) merupakan penyebab kematian dan kecacatan pada penderita, apabila tidak mendapatkan pertolongan yang cepat dan tepat. Diperlukan peran seorang ahli anestesi dalam hal penanganan, yang dimulai sejak pra rumah sakit sampai perawatan neuro intensif. Standar terapi cedera otak traumatik selalu mengalami kemajuan dari tahun ke tahun, yang diharapkan bisa mencapai hasil yang maksimal dalam menangani kasus trauma kepala. Seorang laki-laki, usia 37 tahun, berat badan 75 kg, tinggi badan 170 cm. Penderita rujukan dari rumah sakit di kabupaten dengan diagnosa cedera otak berat. Mulai dari kejadian sampai masuk kamar operasi membutuhkan waktu 12 jam. Terjadi penurunan GCS dari 11 (3,3,5) ke 8 (2,2,4) kemudian 7 (1,2,4) dan dilakukan intubasi di ruang resusitasi, sebelum masuk kamar operasi. Dilakukan kraniotomi selama 7 jam untuk evakuasi hematoma subdural. Setelah operasi, dilakukan monitoring tekanan intrakranial (ICP) dan tindakan untuk terapi hipertensi intrakranial. Hari ketiga post operasi dilakukan tracheostomi. Hari ke lima post operasi, GCS 2,X,5 (dengan tracheostomi) dan penderita alih rawat ke bangsal. Penanganan penderita cedera otak traumatik seharusnya sudah dilakukan di tempat kejadian trauma dan berkesinambungan sampai perawatan intensif. Dengan adanya petugas trauma care yang terlatih di setiap daerah, diharapkan tidak terjadi keterlambatan dalam penanganan penderita yang juga akan berdampak pada hasil akhir penderita. Pemilihan obat anestesi disesuaikan dengan situasi dan kondisi penderita, termasuk kondisi rumah sakit. Semua itu mempunyai tujuan utama untuk mencegah kerusakan sekunder, serta diharapkan akan mengurangi mortalitas dan kecacatan penderita trauma.


Perioperative Anesthesia In Craniotomy For Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and dissability in patient, if it doesn’t get any therapy quickly and accurately. Anesthesiologist is important in case to handling the therapy from the accident site until in the neuro intensive care. A standard therapy in TBI is always moving forward by years, that is expected to achieve maximal results in that case. A man, 37 years old, weight 75 kg, height 170 cm. This patient was referral from another hospital in counties with severe head injury. Takes 12 hours, from the accident event until the patient arrive in the operating room. GCS is continues to drop from 11( 3,3,5) to 8 (2,2,4) and became 7 (1,2,4) then the intubation is taking place in the resuscitation room, before the patient get into the operation room. Craniotomy was done in 7 hours to evacuate subdural hematoma. After surgery, ICP monitoring and intracranial hypertension therapy was taken. In the 3rd day after surgery, tracheostomy was given to the patient. In the 5th day after main surgery, GCS is 2, X, 5 (with tracheostomy) and move to ward. The treatments of patient with TBI should taken on the site of accident until the patient in intensive care unit. A trained emergency staff in every region is expected in patient management effectively, that can affect in final results. The selection of anesthesia agent is depends on both patient and hospital, condition and circumstances. All of it, has a primary purpose to prevent secondary damage and expected to reduce mortality and disability in patients.


Keywords


Anestesi; cedera otak berat; cedera otak traumatik; anesthesia; severe brain injury; traumatic brain injury

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i2.89

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