Penanganan Cedera Kepala Berat disertai Intoksikasi Alkohol Akut dengan Panduan Transcranial Doppler Paskaoperasi

Ida Bagus Krisna J. Sutawan, Syafruddin Gaus, Bambang J. Oetoro

Abstract


Cedera kepala yang disertai dengan intoksikasi alkohol akut memerlukan suatu perhatian khusus selain karena nilai GCS yang digunakan untuk menggolongkan derajat beratny cedera kepala penilaiannya dipengaruhi oleh intoksikasi alkohol, juga karena pengaruh alkohol pada susunan saraf pusat. Transcranial doppler (TCD) dapat digunakan secara noninvasif untuk mengevaluasi aliran darah ke otak, tekanan intrakranial dan tekanan perfusi serebri. Panduan TCD membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan pada perawatan pascaoperasi. Seorang laki-laki 23 tahun dengan GCS E1V2M4, dari foto CT-scan didapatkan subdural hematoma lobustemporoparietal kanan yang menyempitkan sisterna ventrikel lateralis kanan dan deviasi midline sejauh 0,54 cm ke kiri. Pasien ditangani sesuai dengan standar prosedure operasional cedera kepala berat, operasi evakuasi hematoma dan kranietomi berjalan dengan lancar. Dua belas jam pascaoperasi pada pemeriksaan TCD didapatkan aliran darah dan tekanan intrakranial normal, sehingga pasien diextubasi dengan GCS 15 hanya dalam waktu 18 jam pascaoperasi.


Management of Severe Head Injuri with Alcohol Intoxication guided by Pascaoperatif Transcranial Doppler


Head injury associated with alcholol intoxication needs special concideration, not only because GCS which is used to classifying the severity of head injury is affected by alcohol intoxication, but also because of the effect of alcohol  to the central nervous system. Transcranial doppler (TCD) can be used noninvasifly to evaluate cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. TCD guidance helps in decision making on postoperative management. Twenty three years old male, GCS E1V2M4 , on a CT-scan image there is a subdural right lobustemporoparietal hematoma constricting the right ventricular lateral system and a midline deviation of 0.54 cm to the left. Patient was managed according to standart operational procedure for severe head injury, hematoma evacuation and craniectomy procedures went smoothly. Twelve hours postoperative, from TCD examination obtained normal blood flow and intracranial pressure, so patients were extubated with GCS 15 in just 18 hours postoperatively.


Keywords


Cedera kepala; Intoksikasi alkohol akut; Transcranial Doppler; Head injury; acute alcholol intoxication; Transcranial Doppler

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol7i2.8

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