Ambang Hemoglobin pada Cedera Otak Traumatik
Abstract
WHO mendefinisikan anemia bila konsentrasi Hb<12g/dL pada wanita dan <13 g/dL pada laki-laki. Anemia merupakan salah satu komplikasi medikal yang paling sering pada pasien sakit kritis, termasuk pasien dengan kelainan neurologik. Kira-kira 2/3 pasien mempunyai kadar Hb<12 g/dL pada saat masuk ke ICU, dan kemudian terjadi penurunan 0,5 g/dl/hari. Transfusi PRC memelihara hematokrit dan kapasitas pembawa oksigen, tapi dihubungkan dengan peningkatan resiko infeksi, gagal multiorgan termasuk gagal nafas, kejadian tromboembolik, dan kematian. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa untuk kebanyakan pasien sakit kritis, tidak ada keuntungan untuk mempertahankan konsentrasi hemogloblin yang lebih tinggi.Disamping penemuan pada pasien sakit kritis, diketahui bahwa konsentrasi Hb serendah 7 g/dL tidak dapat ditolerir pada pasien dengan cedera otak traumatik berat maka indikasi transfusi bila Hb<7g/dL. Penelitian telah menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan dalam mortalitas atau mendukung suatu hubungan antara transfusi dengan lebih buruknya outcome. Mempertahankan konsentrasi Hb sekitar 9-10g/dL adalah suatu strategi terapi yang telah lama dilakukan untuk memperbaiki oksigenasi otak pada pasien dengan cedera otak traumatik. Kemungkinan efek menguntungkan lain dari mempertahankan konsentrasi Hb yang lebih tinggi adalah untuk menghindari peningkatan tekanan intrakranial yang dipicu oleh anemia dan untuk memberikan tekanan darah yang lebih tinggi serta tekanan perfusi otak yang lebih baik. Simpulan adalah anemia berat dan transfusi RBC bisa mempunyai pengaruh pada outcome klinis, transfusi restriksif aman dan sering dianjurkan, indikasi transfusi bukan dari kadar Hb tapi dari sinyal otak misalnya brain tissue oxygen tension dan regional cerebral oxygen saturation.
Hemogloblin Treshold in Traumatic Brain Injury
WHO defined anemia as a Hb concentration <12 gr/dL in women and <13 g/dL in men. Anemia is one of the most common medical complication in critically ill patient, including patient with neurologic disorder. About 2/3 patient have Hb concentration <12 g/dL at the time of ICU admission with subsequent decrement of about 0.5 g/dL per day. PRC transfusion improve hematocrit and oxygen carrying capacity, but have correlation with increase infection risk, multiorgan failure including respiratory failure, thromboembolic event and death. The study show that for common critically ill patient, no benefit to keep Hb concentration in higher level. Beside in critically ill patient, Hb concentratrion as low as 7 g/dL can be tolerir in severe traumatic brain injury and indication for transfusion if Hb<7g/dL. Study show that no different in mortality or support a relation between transfusion and worst outcome. Keeping Hb concentration arround 9–10g/dL is a strategy therapy to improve brain oxygenation in traumatic brain injury patient. The possibility othe advantageus in higher Hb concentration is to avoid increase ICP cause by anemia and to increase blood pressure and better cerebral perfusion pressure.The conclusion is severe anemia and RBC transfusion have some effect in clinical outcome, restrictive transfusion safe and advisable, transfusion indication not only from Hb level but from brain signaling ec brain tissue oxygen tension and regional cerebral oxygen saturation.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol5i3.73
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