Penanganan Perioperatif Pasien Pediatrik dengan Cedera Kepala Berat

Radian Ahmad Halimi, Nazaruddin Umar, Siti Chasnak Saleh, Nancy Margareta Rehatta

Abstract


Cedera otak traumatika (COT) merupakan penyebab kematian dan kecacatan terbesar di Amerika dan negara industri lainnya di dunia. Anak dari usia balita hingga remaja yang mengalami cedera otak berat biasanya akan dapat menghadapi kecacatan yang signifikan selama beberapa dekade. Seorang anak laki-laki berumur 3 tahun dengan diagnosa cedera kepala berat akibat perdarahan subdural di temporo occipital kiri dan fraktur terdepresi yang disebabkan karena jatuh dari ketinggian tiga meter, direncanakan dilakukan kraniektomi dekompresi karena terjadi penurunan kesadaran signifikan. Berbagai komplikasi dan permasalahan terjadi yakni perdarahan masif intraoperatif, edema otak kongestif disertai demam pascaoperasi di ruang perawatan intensif, hingga akhirnya pasien dapat pindah ke ruang perawatan biasa dan dilakukan rawat jalan. Penanganan COT berat memerlukan kemampuan seorang ahli anestesi dalam melakukan resusitasi otak dengan ABCDE neuroanestesi, kontrol terhadap hipertensi intrakranial, neuroproteksi dan neurorestorasi.

Perioperative Treatment Pediatric Patients with Head Injuries

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest cause of death and disability in the United States and other industrialized countries in the world. Young age patient who suffered severe TBI typically face significant disability for decades. A 3 years old boy with diagnosis of severe TBI as a result of subdural hemorrhage in the left temporo occipital and fracture depressed due to fall from a height of three meters, was planed to perform decompresive craniectomy because decreased conciouseness significantly.Various complications and problems occur, intraoperative masive bleeding, postoperative diffuse brain edema with persistent hyperthermia on the intensive care unit, until the patient can be moved to a regular ward and can be done outpatient. The management of severe head injury requires the ability of an anesthesiologist in performing brain resuscitation with ABCDE neuroanesthesia, control of intracranial hypertension and neurorestoration.


Keywords


Cedera kepala berat; neuro resusitasi; komplikasi pascaoperasi; Neuro resuscitation; postoperative complications; severe head injury

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol5i2.66

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