Pengelolaan Perioperatif Anestesi Perdarahan Intraserebral karena Stroke Perdarahan dan Luarannya

Wahyu Sunaryo Basuki, Dewi Yulianti Bisri, Bambang J. Oetoro, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Perdarahan intraserebral masih merupakan penyebab kematian dan kecacatan yang tinggi. Angka kejadiannya berkisar 10–30 % kasus per 100.000, dengan angka kematian mencapai 62% dan hanya 20% yang bisa bertahan hidup secara fungsional dalam 6 bulan dari onset. Penyebab dari perdarahan intraserebral adalah hipertensi. Pengelolaan perioperatif meliputi pencegahan bertambahnya hematom dan edema, pengelolaan tekanan darah, mencegah naiknya ICP dan mempertahankan tekanan perfusi otak. Seorang laki-laki dibawa ke rumah sakit karena lemah anggota gerak kanan atas dan bawah dan tidak bisa bicara sejak 2 jam sebelumnya. Dari anamnesa didapat riwayat hipertensi dalam 5 tahun terakhir dan mendapat obat bisoprolol. Dari pemeriksaan didapatkan kesadaran dengan GCS E4 M5Vx, hemiplegi dekstra dan afasia, tekanan darah 180/105 mmHg. Pasien di rawat diruangan intermediate di ICU. Pada hari kedua karena ada penurunan kesadaran dengan GCS E3 M4 Vx serta penambahan hematoma menjadi 87 cc dibanding MRI sebelumnya diputuskan segera dilakukan kraniotomi evakuasi. Tindakan ini memerlukan pengetahuan yang baik mengenai pengelolaan perioperatif pasien dengan perdarahan intraserebral karena hipertensi dari seorang ahli Anestesiologi sehingga mendapat luaran yang baik.

 

Anesthetic Perioperative Management of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and its Outcome


Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has high mortality and morbidity rates. Its incidence is 10-30%, with a mortality rate of 62%. Only 20% of patients survive functionally within six months from time of onset. The cause of ICH is hypertension. Perioperative management of ICH includes blood pressure control, prevention of hematoma enlargement and edema, prevention of ICP increase and maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressure. A male patient was brought to the hospital due to weakness of the left extremities and inability to speak since two hours before admission. Patient had had hypertension for the last five years and was on bisoprolol. Physical examination revealed GCS E4M5Vx, left hemiplegia, aphasia, and blood pressure 180/105 mmHg. Patient was admitted to intermediate ward in the intensive care unit. On day-2, due to further decrease in consciousness (GCS E3M4Vx) and increase in hematoma volume to 87 cc, craniotomy for evacuation was indicated. This procedure requires good understanding of perioperative management of ICH by an anesthesiologist to produce favorable outcome.


Keywords


perdarahan intraserebral; stroke perdarahan; hipertensi; pengelola perioperatif anestesi; intracerebral hemorrhage; hypertension; perioperative management, stroke bleeding

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol5i1.61

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