Penatalaksanaan Anestesi pada Ruptur Aneurisma
Abstract
Ruptur aneurisma adalah salah satu kejadian vaskular yang devastated dengan tingginya angka mortalitas. Namun dengan penanganan yang cepat dan tepat maka angka kematiannya hanya mencapai 10%, dan morbiditasnya ringan. Selain dari efek pecahnya pembuluh darah, banyak komplikasi lain yang perlu diperhatikan seperti perdarahan ulang, vasospasme, hidrosefalus, gangguan elektrolit sampai gangguan respirasi. Dilaporkan pasien perempuan 47 tahun dengan sakit kepala, mual dan muntah yang memberat sejak 2 minggu sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Keluhan seperti ini sudah dirasakan 7 tahun sebelumnya, dan didiagnosa sebagai ruptur aneurisma spontan, sekarang tanpa gejala sisa. Pada pemeriksaan fisik, pasien sadar penuh dengan kaku kuduk, tanpa tanda neurologis fokal. Dari pemeriksaan penunjang didapatkan terdapat vasospasme pada a. Karotis Interna setinggi segmen suprasinoid, serta perdarahan tipis intraventrikel dan ventrikulomegali. Pasien direncanakan untuk dilakukan clipping aneurisma dalam anastesi umum. Pasien kemudian di rawat di ruang perawatan intensif dengan target penyapihan cepat dan ekstubasi. Tantangan dalam proses anestesi kasus aneurisma adalah mempertahankan antara tekanan dalam aneurisma dan cerebral perfusion preassure (CPP), proteksi otak pada periode iskemi, serta menyediakan lapang operasi seluas mungkin. Pasca-operasi harus diperhatikan tanda tanda komplikasi berupa iskemia.
Anesthetic Management in Patient with Rupture Intracranial Aneursym
Aneurysm rupture is a devastated vascular injury with high mortality rate. But in expert hands, it has lower mortality only about 10%. Aneurysm has other complication such as rebleeding, vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and electrolyte also cardio-pulmonary disturbance. The patient is 47 years old women with progressive headache, nausea and vomiting since 2 weeks before admission. She already experienced the same symptoms at 7 years ago, and was been diagnosed with spontaneous rupture aneurysm. She is fully alert, only with nunchal rigidity and no neurologic deficit. There were vasospasm at A.Carotis Interna as high as supracinoid segment and intraventricular hemorrhage from CT dan CT-Angiography. Patient went to clipping procedure under general anesthesia. Post-operatively patient was admitted to intensive care unit with fast liberation of ventilator and extubation. Anesthetical challenge of rupture aneurysm are to maintain aneurysm pressure and cerebral perfusion rate, brain protection, and provide enough space for surgery. Post-op monitoring should include routine neurological examination to early detect ischemia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol5i1.58
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