Penatalaksanaan Anestesi pada Tindakan Bedah Tumor Fossa Posterior: Serial Kasus

Iwan Abdul Rachman, Tatang Bisri

Abstract


Fossa posterior atau fossa infratentorial merupakan kompartemen yang padat serta kaku dan tidak dapat melakukan penyesuaian terhadap penambahan volume isinya. Sedikit penambahan volume isi misalnya akibat tumor atau hematoma, dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan tekanan yang signifikan di dalam kompartemen tersebut sehingga terjadi penekanan pada batang otak yang mengancam kehidupan. Tindakan operasi pada fossa posterior memberikan tantangan bagi ahli anestesiologi dikarenakan risiko tinggi terjadinya disfungsi batang otak, posisi pasien, pengawasan neurofisiologis intraoperatif, dan risiko potensial terjadinya emboli udara vena (venous air embolism/VAE). Berikut ini serial kasus mengenai pasien yang dilakukan tindakan kraniotomi pengangkatan tumor atas indikasi tumor infratentorial pada cerebellopontine angle (CPA) dan serebellar astrositoma. Data telah menunjukkan risiko terjadinya VAE pada posisi duduk yaitu antara 40%–45%, sedangkan pada posisi lateral, telungkup, park bench lebih rendah yaitu antara 10%–15%. Pada serial kasus ini posisi ketiga pasien diposisikan dengan posisi park bench dan tidak terjadi adanyaVAE. Kasus ini dapat memperkuat data dalam penurunan resiko terjadinya VAE adalah dengan posisi park bench. Oleh karena itu, pencegahan dari terjadinya VAE sangatlah penting diketahui oleh ahli anestesiologi untuk mengurangi mortalitas pada pasien dengan tindakan bedah fossa posterior.

Anesthesia in Surgical Management Measures Posterior Fossa Tumors: Serial Case

The posterior fossa or infratentorial fossa is a compact and rigid compartment with poor compliance. Small additional volumes (e.g. tumour, haematoma) within the space can result in significant elevation of the compartmental pressure resulting in life-threatening brainstem compression. Surgery in the posterior fossa presents the significant challenges in addition to special problems related to brain stem dysfunction, patient positioning, intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring, and the potential for venous air embolism (VAE). This serial case present anaesthetic management in tumor removal surgeries (infratentorial in cerebello pontine angle/CPA and cerebellar astrocytoma). Data have shown the risk of VAE in the sitting position 40% - 45%, lateral and park bench position 10% – 15%. In these three cases all the patient with park bench position. This case can strenghthen data in a decrease in the risk of VAE is the park bench position. Therefore, prevention of the occurrence of VAE is very important to be known by the anesthesiologist to reduce mortality in patients with posterior fossa surgery.


Keywords


fossa posterior; disfungsi batang otak; VAE; posterior fossa; brain stem dysfunction; VAE

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol5i1.57

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