Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography: Diagnosis dan Monitoring Non Invasif pada Neuroanesthesia dan Neurointesive Care

Abstract

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) adalah pemeriksaan ultrasonografi yang telah digunakan secara luas dibidang neuroanestesi dan perawatan intensif. Pada bidang perawatan intensif neurologi, pemeriksaan TCD sangat berguna untuk evaluasi dan monitoring perubahan sirkulasi pembuluh darah penting di otak, seperti arteri serebri media (middle cerebral artery-MCA), arteri serebri anterior (anterior cerebral artery-ACA), arteri carotis interna (internal carotid artery-ICA) cabang terminalis, arteri cerebri posterior (posterior cerebral artery-PCA), arteri vertebralis dan arteri basilaris. Selain kecepatan aliran, pemeriksaan ini juga dapat digunakan untuk evaluasi perubahan diameter pembuluh darah. TCD digunakan untuk pemeriksaan penunjang diagnostik perdarahan subarachnoid, monitoring vasospasme dan deteksi peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (TIK), evaluasi hemodinamik cerebral pada kasus trauma kepala, serta sebagai alat bantu penentuan kasus kematian otak. Pada tindakan pembedahan saraf atau neurosurgery, TCD sangat berguna dalam deteksi dini adanya mikroemboli.

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography: Diagnosis and Monitoring non Invasive in Neuroanesth and Neurointensive Care

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is ultrasound examination which is already widely used in the field of neuroanesthesia and intensive care. In the field of neurology intensive care, TCD examination is very useful for the evaluation and monitoring of significant changes in the circulation of main cerebral blood vessels, such as the middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), terminal branches of internal carotid artery (ICA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA) , the vertebral artery and the basilar artery. In addition to the flow velocity, the examination can also be used to evaluate changes in the diameter of blood vessels. TCD is used for diagnostic investigation of subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasm monitoring and detection of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics changes in cases of head injury, as well as aids for determination of brain death cases. In neurosurgery, TCD is very useful in the early detection of microemboli.