Tight Brain pada Anestesi Awake Craniotomy dengan Dexmedetomidine

Riyadh Firdaus, Dewi Yulianti Bisri, Siti Chasnak Saleh, A. Hmendra Wargahadibrata

Abstract


Anestesi pada awake craniotomy dilakukan dengan menggunakan salah satu atau kombinasi dari teknik scalp block, sedasi dengan propofol dan dexmedetomidine. Teknik ini memfasilitasi awake craniotomy sehingga pemetaan intraoperatif fungsi korteks elokuen yang memfasilitasi reseksi tumor secara radikal. Kebutuhan pemetaan korteks adalah untuk menggambarkan fungsi otak antara lain bicara, sensorik dan motorik dengan tujuan mempertahankan selama dilakukan reseksi. Obat yang diberikan harus dapat memberikan level sedasi dan analgesia yang adekuat untuk mengangkat tulang tetapi tidak mempengaruhi tes fungsional dan elektrokortikografi. Prosedur ini sama dengan kraniotomi standar dengan perbedaan pasien sadar penuh selama pemetaan korteks dan reseksi tumor. Dexmedetomidine adalah suatu agonis adrenoreseptor α-2 spesifik dengan efek sedatif, analgetik, anesthetic sparing effect, efek proteksi otak, tidak adiksi, tidak menekan respirasi dan pasien mudah dibangunkan. Wanita, 54 tahun dengan keluhan utama kejang berulang sejak 3 hari yang lalu. Berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang pasien didiagnosis tumor lobus frontal kanan. Pasien dilakukan pengangkatan tumor dengan teknik awake craniotomy. Pasien dilakukan scalp block, sedasi dengan propofol dan dexmedetomidine. Saat operasi berlangsung didapatkan kondisi tight brain. Dexmedetomidine dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi relaksasi otak selama operasi. Lama operasi kurang lebih 5 jam. Pascaoperasi pasien dirawat di HCU.

Tight Brain on Awake Craniotomy Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine


Anesthesia in awake craniotomy is done using scalp block, propofol sedation, dexmedetomidine sedation or a combination of the three. This technique facilitate awake craniotomy such that intraoperative mapping of eloquent cortical function can be done in radical tumor resection. The need for cortical mapping is to describe and maintain brain function such as speaking, sensoric and motoric function throughout the resection process. The drug given must be able to provide adequate sedation and analgesia for bone removal but do not interfere with the result of function test and electrocorticography. This procedure is similar to other craniotomy, however the patient is alert during cortical mapping and tumor resection and is able to speak after tumor is resected. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist with specific effects such as sedation, analgesia, anesthetic sparing, cerebral protection, non addictive, does not suppress respiration, comfortable and easy to recover from. A case of 54 years old female with chief complaint of recurrent seizure in the last 3 days prior to admission is described. Based on history and examination, patient is diagnosed with right frontal lobe tumor. Patient underwent tumor resection using awake craniotomy technique. Scalp block combined with propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation was done. During the surgery, tight brain was encountered. Dexmedetomidine was evaluated as one of the factors that influence the brain relaxation throughout surgery. The Surgery took 5 hours, post surgery patient is observed in HCU.


Keywords


Awake craniotomy; scalp block; propofol; dexmedetomidine; awake craniotomy; scalp block; propofol; dexmedetomidine

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v6i2.45

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