Apa yang Baru dalam Neuroanestesi untuk Cedera Otak Traumatik?
Abstract
Konsep dasar Neuroanestesi & Neuro Critical Care disebut sebagai ABCDE neuroanestesi. Early Brain Injury (EBI) dahulu dikenal sebagai cedera otak primer. Pada EBI terjadi hilangnya autoregulasi, hilangnya integritas barier darah otak. Adanya Trias Cushing menunjukkan adanya hipertensi intrakranial. Target tekanan darah pada cedera otak traumatik (traumatic brain injury/TBI) adalah hindari tekanan darah sistolik <110 mmHg, pertahankan tekanan perfusi otak (cerebral perfusion pressure/CPP) 60-70 mmHg, target pengaturan PaCO2 adalah normokarbia, PaCO2 35–40 mmHg, penggunaan profilaksis phenytoin atau valproate tidak direkomendasikan untuk mencegah late post traumatic seizure (late PTS). Masih perlu menganalisa terapi decompressive craniectomy (DECRA) dibandingkan dengan terapi medikal kontinyu untuk peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (intracranial pressure/ICP) yang refrakter setelah TBI. Anestesi umum untuk pasien dengan TBI berat lebih baik dengan total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), pemberian cairan harus mempertimbangkan osmolaritas cairan tersebut. Pada konsep yang baru, pada pasien dengan peningkatan ICP, konsentrasi anestetika volatil harus dibatasi sampai 0,5 MAC. Target gula darah adalah normoglikemia. Hipotermi profilaksis atau terapeutik tampaknya tidak memiliki tempat dalam pengelolaan cedera otak berat.
What is New in Neuroanesthesia for Traumatic Brain Injury?
Abstract
The basic concept of Neuroanesthesia and Neuro Critical Care is referred to as ABCDE neuroanesthesia. Early Brain Injury (EBI) was formerly know as primary brain injury. In EBI, there is loss of autoregulation, loss of integrity of the blood-brain barriere. The presence of Cushing’s triad indicates the presence of intracranial hypertension. Blood pressure target in traumatic brain injury is to avoid systolic blood pressure less than 110 mmHg, maintain cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) 60-70 mmHg, target PaCO2 regulation is normocarbia, PaCO2 35-40 mmHg, prophylactic use of phenytoin or valproate is not recommended to prevent late post traumatic seizure (late PTS). Still need to analyse decompressive craniectomy (DECRA) compare with continuous medical therapy for refractory increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) after TBI. General anesthesia for patient with severe TBI is better with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), administration of fluids must consider the osmolarity of the fluid. In a new concept in patient with elevated ICP, volatile anesthetic concentaratiom should be limited to 0.5 MAC.Blood glucose target is normoglycemia. Prophylactic and therapeutic hypothermia not recommended for severe traumatic brain injury management.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v11i1.447
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