Insidensi Hipoksemia dan Hipotensi pada Cedera Otak Traumatik di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2015

Izhar Muhammad Arif, Hermin Aminah Usman, Dewi Yulianti Bisri

Abstract


Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Cedera otak traumatik (COT) merupakan kasus cedera dengan prevalensi ketiga terbesar diantara cedera bagian tubuh lain (16,8%) di Indonesia. Hipotensi dan hipoksemia adalah prediktor luaran COT yang dapat dikontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi hipotensi dan hipoksemia pada pasien COT., yang masuk di unit Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin.
Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini berupa deskriptif kuantitatif. Data diambil secara retrospektif dari rekam medis pasien dengan diagnosis COT yang masuk ke Unit Gawat Darurat RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin periode 1 Januari 2015–31 Desember 2015. Sampel diambil secara total sampling, kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, etiologi cedera, tingkat COT, saturasi oksigen, dan tekanan darah pasien.
Hasil: Didapatkan 669 sampel penelitian. Rata-rata umur sampel adalah 29 tahun dengan jumlah terbanyak di kelompok umur 15–24 tahun (30,3%). Kejadian pada laki-laki (71,2%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan (28,8%). COT paling banyak disebabkan oleh kecelakaan lalulintas (KLL) (68,9%). Terdapat 78 (11,7%) kasus COT berat. Pasien COT yang mengalami hipotensi dan hipoksemia sebanyak 50 orang (7,5%), dan angka kejadian hipotensi dan hipoksemia paling tinggi terdapat pada pasien COT berat (66%).
Simpulan: Proporsi kejadian hipoksemia dan hipotensi paling banyak terjadi pada COT berat dengan etiologi KLL.

Hypoxaemia and Hypotension Incidence of Traumatic Brain Injury in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung in 2015

Background and Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a case with the third highest prevalence among other injuries (16,8%) in Indonesia. Hypotension and hypoxaemia are TBI outcome predictors which can be controlled. This research aims to find out the incidence of hypotension and hypoxaemia in TBI patients.

Subjects and Method: This descriptive quantitative research collected the data retrospectively from the medical record of COT patients who were admitted to Emergency Room (ER) Dr. Hasan Sadikin Public General Hospital in 1 January – 31 December 2015. Samples were collected with total sampling technique, and classified based on age, gender, etiology, TBI severity level, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure of the patients.
Results: 669 samples were collected. Age average of the samples was 29 years with the highest age group frequency being 15-24 years (30,3%). There were more male patients (71,2%) compared to the female ones (28,8%). The most common cause of TBI was traffic accidents (68,9%). There were 78 (11,7%) severe TBI cases. There were 50 (7,5%) TBI patients with hypoxaemia and hypotension, and the most hypotension and hypoxaemia cases were in severe TBI patients (66%).
Conclusion: The proportion of hypoxaemia and hypotension incidence was the highest in severe TBI patients due to traffic accidents.


Keywords


insidensi; hipoksemia; hipotensi; cedera otak; incidence; hypoxaemia; hypotension; head injury

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol6i2.41

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