Korelasi antara Stroke dengan Covid-19

Dewi Yulianti Bisri, Tatang Bisri

Abstract


Spektrum klinis covid-19 sangat luas, mulai dari gejala minor yang tidak spesifik, seperti demam, batuk kering dan diare, kadang-kadang dikombinasikan dengan pneumonia ringan dan dispnea ringan, hingga pneumonia berat dengan dispnea, takipnea, dan gangguan pertukaran oksigen, menyebabkan disfungsi paru berat, memerlukan ventilasi mekanik, terjadi syok atau kegagalan organ multipel. Bukti awal yang tidak dipublikasikan menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien dengan covid-19 positip terjadi peningkatan  risiko stroke iskemik akut. Keluhan neurologik yang sering terjadi adalah sakit kepala, pusing, perubahan pengecapan dan penciuman, lima persen memiliki risiko terjadinya stroke iskemik akut. Coronavirus mempunyai kecenderungan untuk menginvasi susunan sarap pusat (SSP). Perubahan penciuman yang telah dilihat pada covid-19, diposulatkan karena refleks akses dari virus ke otak melalui rute transcribial, walaupun masih perlu dibuktikan untuk severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Satu laporan  dari Cina menunjukkan bahwa keluhan neurologis seperti dizziness, sakit kepala, hypogeusia dan hyposmia, sering terjadi (sekitar 36%) pada pasien covid-19. Ensefalopati dan perubahan status mental juga terjadi pada pasien yang telah terinfeksi dengan virus SARS-CoV-2. Penyakit serebrovaskuler lebih sering pada covid-19 yang berat; stroke iskemik akut telah dilaporkan terjadi pada 5,7% pasien dan gangguan kesadaran pada 15% pasien, dan 1% kejadian perdarahan serebral. Kelainan SSP yang memerlukan tindakan pembedahan memerlukan penanganan khusus karena efek teknik dan obat anestesi terhadap SSP, serta perlindungan tenaga kesehatan untuk mencegah transmisi penyakit. Tigapuluh delapan persen pasien covid-19 dengan komplikasi serebrovaskuler meninggal. 

 

Correlation between Stroke and Covid-19

Abstract

The clinical spectrum of Covid-19 is very broad, ranging from minor no specific symptom, such as fever, dry cough and diarrhea, some time combined with mild pneumonia and mild dyspnoe to severe pneumonia with dyspnoe, tachypnoe and exchange disorders, leading to severe pulmonary dysfunction, necessary ventilation, shock and multiple organ failure. Preliminary unpublished evidence suggest that patient with covid-19 have an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke. Neurologic complaints that oven occurs are headache, dizziness, change in taste and smell. Five percent risk of developing acute ischemic stroke. Coronavirus has a tendency to invade the central nerve system (CNS). The olfactory change that have been seen in covid-19, are attributed to reflex access from the virus to the brain via the transcribial route, although this remain to be proven for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). One report from China showed that neurological complaint, such as dizziness, headaches, hypgeusia and hyposmia, were common (about 36%) in covid-19 patients. Encephalopathy and altered mental status also occurs in patients who have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Cerebrovascular disease is more common in severe covid-19; acute ischemic stroke has been reported to occurs in 5.7% of patients and impaired consciousness in 15% of patients, and 1% cerebral hemorrhage was found. CNS disorders that require surgery require special treatment because of the effect of techniques and anesthetics on the CNS, as wll as the protection of health professionals to preventdiseses transmission. Thirty-eight percents of covid-19 patient with cerebrovascular complication died.


Keywords


coronavirus, covid-19, gangguan neurologis, stroke ischemik, stroke hemorrhagik

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v10i2.356

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