Penatalaksanaan Anestesi pada Perdarahan Intraserebral dengan Hidrosefalus dan Diabetes Melitus
Abstract
Perdarahan Intraserebral (PIS) adalah ekstravasasi darah yang masuk kedalam parenkim otak, yang dapat berkembang ke ruang ventrikel dan subarahnoid, terjadi spontan dan bukan disebabkan oleh trauma (non traumatis) dan merupakan salah satu penyebab tersering pada pasien yang dirawat di unit perawatan kritis saraf. Kejadian PIS 10-15% dari semua stroke dengan tingkat angka kematian tertinggi dari subtipe stroke dan diperkirakan 60% tidak bertahan lebih dari satu tahun. Kasus: Laki-laki 57 tahun, datang dengan keluhan penurunan kesadaran yang terjadi pada saat mau makan. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan kesadaran GCS E1M4V1 dengan hemodinamik stabil, dan terdapat hemiplegi sinistra. Pasien diintubasi dan memakai ventilator di ruangan Instalasi Gawat Darurat Disaster sambil menunggu hasil skrining Covid 19 dengan swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Pada CT-scan ditemukan adanya PIS 48,93 cc di basal ganglia, capsula eksterna sampai periventrikel lateralis kanan, terjadi distorsi midline sejauh 1 cm ke kiri. Ventrikulomegali disertai perdarahan intraventrikel yang mengisi ventrikel lateralis kanan dan kiri, ventrikel III dan IV. Laboratorium menunjukkan gula darah di atas 200 mg/dl setelah dilakukan koreksi gula darah diputuskan untuk dilakukan tindakan kraniotomi evakuasi segera dengan pemeriksaan penunjang yang cukup. Tindakan kraniotomi evakuasi pada pasien PIS menjadi tantangan bagi seorang anestesi, sehingga diperlukan pengetahuan akan patofisiologi, mortalitas PIS dan tindakan anestesi yang harus dipersiapkan dan dikerjakan dengan tepat.
Anesthesia Management in Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Hydrocephalus and Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the extravasations of blood into the brain parenchyma, which may develop into ventricular and subarachnoid space, there was spontaneous and not caused by trauma (nontraumatic), and one of the most common cause in patients treated in the neurological critical care unit. ICH represents perhaps 10–15% of all strokes with the highest mortality rates of stroke subtypes and about 60% of patients with ICH do not survive beyond one year. Case: a man 57 years, came with complaints of loss of consciousness when he just want to eat. On examination of consciousness obtained GCS E1M4V1 with hemodynamic was stable, there left hemiplegic. Patients is intubated and connected with ventilator at Emergency Room Disaster while waiting for result from PCR. From the CT Scan we found 48,93 cc at basal ganglia, capsula externa until lateral periventricle dextra there is a midline distortion 1 cm to the left. Ventriculomegali with intraventricle hemorrhage wich is fill the lateral ventricle right and left, third ventricular and fourth ventricular. The laboratorium result show the glucose up to 200 mg/dl. After glucose correction, it was decided to evacuate immediately craniotomy action with adequate investigation. Procedure of craniotomy evacuation in ICH patients be a challenge for an anesthesiologist, so knowledge of the pathophysiology, mortality ICH and anesthetic procedure that should be prepared and done properly.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v11i1.355
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