Tatalaksana Anestesi pada Pasien Anak dengan Cystic Craniopharyngioma yang Menjalani Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Monika - Widiastuti, Radian Ahmad Halimi, Iwan Fuadi, Sri Rahardjo, Tatang Bisri

Abstract


Kraniofaringioma merupakan tumor otak jinak dengan karakteristik kistik dan kalsifikasi, yang letaknya dikeliingi oleh stuktur vital sehingga sulit untuk dilakukan reseksi total. Terapi kombinasi dengan Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) merupakan pilihan terapi paling tepat. Prosedur GKRS yang kompleks meliputi banyak tahap dengan durasi 6-10 jam, memerlukan pemberian anestesi pada pasien yang tidak kooperatif. Kasus ini mengenai pasien anak perempuan berusia 4 tahun dengan cystic craniopharyngioma. Pasien dengan keluhan pandangan mata buram, dari pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan papil atrofi bilateral. Hasil magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) menunjukkan massa tumor yang menekan kelenjar hipofise inferior. Pasien menjalani prosedur GKRS selama 6 jam dengan anestesi sedasi sedang menggunakan Propofol 75 mcg/kg/menit. Hemodinamika selama prosedur stabil, tidak terjadi komplikasi. Pemilihan teknik anestesi dapat berupa anestesi umum atau sedasi, tergantung pada kondisi pasien, dokter anestesi, operator, dan fasilitas. Pertimbangan anestesi pada GKRS antara lain prosedur dilakukan di luar kamar operasi, durasi panjang, transportasi ke beberapa tempat seperti radiologi dan cathlab, imobilisasi kepala untuk mencegah pergeseran frame stereotaktik, pasien sendiri di dalam ruang radiasi, prinsip neuroanestesi pediatrik.

 

Anesthetic Management of Pediatric Patient with Cystic Craniopharyngioma Underwent Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Abstract

Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor characterized by cystic and calcification, surrounded by vital structures therefor it is difficult to perform total tumor resection. Combination with Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is the best treatment option. The complexities of GKRS consisting of several phases lasts for 6-10 hours. Anesthesia is needed for uncooperative patients. This is a case of a 4-year-old girl with cystic craniopharyngioma. The patient had chief complaint of blurry vision, physical examinations revealed bilateral papil atrophy. Result of MRI showed tumor mass compressing inferior hypophyse. Patient underwent the procedure under moderate sedation with Propofol at 75 mcg/kg/min for 6 hours. Intraoperative hemodynamic condition was stable without adverse events. Choice of anesthesia either general anesthesia or sedation, depends on the condition of patient, considerations from anesthesiologist dan neurosurgeon, dan availability of facilities. Unique considerations for GKRS are; a non-operating room anesthesia, long duration, transportation to other units such as radiology and cathlab, head of the patients need to be immobilized to prevent frame displacement, the patient will be alone in the treatment room, and principles of pediatric anesthesia and neuroanesthesia.


Keywords


kista kraniofaringioma, gamma knife radiosurgery, anestesi di luar kamar operasi, neuroanestesi pediatrik

Full Text:

PDF

References


Patnaik A, Mahapatra AK. Role of gamma knife radiosurgery in craniopharyngioma. Indian J Neurosurg. 2013;2(03):256–61.

Jensterle M, Jazbinsek S, Bosnjak R, Popovic M, Zaletel LZ, Vesnaver TV, dkk. Advances in the management of craniopharyngioma in children and adults. Radiol Oncol. 2019;53(4):388–96.

Padmapriya B, Subhashini N, Natarajan P, Rajeshwari TK. Treatment planning of gamma knife and stereotactic radiosurgery in brain tumor. Dalam: 2011 International Conference on Process Automation, Control and Computing. IEEE; 2011.1–4.

Hasegawa H, Kamata K, Hayashi M, Komayama N, Kawamata T, Ozaki M. Can pediatric gamma knife radiosurgery be managed under monitored anesthesia care? A case presentation and proposal from anesthesiologists. J Radiosurgery SBRT. 2019;6(3):235.

Schecter WS. Gamma knife radiosurgery. Dalam: Sun LS, Houck P, Hache M, editors. Handbook of Pediatric Anesthesia. New York: Lange; 2014, 267–70.

Bajwa SJS, Bajwa SK, Bindra GS. The anesthetic, critical care and surgical challenges in the management of craniopharyngioma. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;15(2):123.

Nezar AZ, Haroun MA, Mounir MA, Hamada MA, Okasha MM. Anesthetic considerations for craniopharyngioma resection in pediatric patient with fontan physiology: a case Report. J Anesth Clin Res. 2017;8(716):2.

Edler A. Special anesthetic considerations for stereotactic radiosurgery in children. J Clin Anesth. 2007;19(8):616–8.

Edala T, Koka R, Koka B V. Radiation therapy. In: Soriano SG, McClain CD, editors. Essentials of Pediatric Neuroanesthesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2019. hlm 153–8.

Harris EA. Sedation and anesthesia options for pediatric patients in the radiation oncology suite. Int J Pediatr. 2010; 1-9.

Bisri T, Bisri DY. ABCDE Neuroanestesi Prinsip dan Teknik. Dalam: Anestesi untuk Operasi Tumor Otak Supratentorial dan Infratentorial. Bandung: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjajaran; 2016. 1–40.

Vadivelu N, Kai AM, Tran D, Kodumudi G, Legler A, Ayrian E. Options for perioperative pain management in neurosurgery. J Pain Res. 2016;9:37.

Youn AM, Ko Y-K, Kim Y-H. Anesthesia and sedation outside of the operating room. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2015;68(4):323.

Coté CJ, Wilson S. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: update 2016. Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(4):13E-39E.

Maxwell LG, Buckley GM, Kudchadkar SR, Ely E, Stebbins EL, Dube C, dkk. Pain management following major intracranial surgery in pediatric patients: a prospective cohort study in three academic children’s hospitals. Pediatr Anesth. 2014;24(11):1132–40.

Amercican Society of Anesthesiologists. Continuum of depth of sedation: definition of general anesthesia and levels of sedation/analgesia. Illinois; 2014 [Diperbarui 15 Oktober 2014, diunduh 8 November 2020]. Tersedia dari: https://www.asahq.org/standards-and-guidelines/continuum-of-depth-of-sedation-definition-of-general-anesthesia-and-levels-of-sedationanalgesia/.

Lee JK, Brady KM. Developmental cerebrovascular physiology. Dalam: Soriano SG, McClain CD, editor. Essentials of Pediatric Neuroanesthesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2019, 9–14.

Karnik HS. Fluid management in infants and children during intracranial surgery. J Neuroanaesth Crit Care. 2017;4(04):S24–9.

Cravero JP, Beach ML, Blike GT, Gallagher SM, Hertzog JH, Consortium PSR. The incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation/anesthesia with propofol for procedures outside the operating room: a report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(3):795–804.

Sulton C, McCracken C, Simon HK, Hebbar K, Reynolds J, Cravero J, dkk. Pediatric procedural sedation using dexmedetomidine: a report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Hosp Pediatr. 2016;6(9):536–44.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v10i2.353

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


                                    

 

JNI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License