Tatalaksana Anestesi pada Pasien Anak dengan Cystic Craniopharyngioma yang Menjalani Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Abstract
Kraniofaringioma merupakan tumor otak jinak dengan karakteristik kistik dan kalsifikasi, yang letaknya dikeliingi oleh stuktur vital sehingga sulit untuk dilakukan reseksi total. Terapi kombinasi dengan Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) merupakan pilihan terapi paling tepat. Prosedur GKRS yang kompleks meliputi banyak tahap dengan durasi 6-10 jam, memerlukan pemberian anestesi pada pasien yang tidak kooperatif. Kasus ini mengenai pasien anak perempuan berusia 4 tahun dengan cystic craniopharyngioma. Pasien dengan keluhan pandangan mata buram, dari pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan papil atrofi bilateral. Hasil magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) menunjukkan massa tumor yang menekan kelenjar hipofise inferior. Pasien menjalani prosedur GKRS selama 6 jam dengan anestesi sedasi sedang menggunakan Propofol 75 mcg/kg/menit. Hemodinamika selama prosedur stabil, tidak terjadi komplikasi. Pemilihan teknik anestesi dapat berupa anestesi umum atau sedasi, tergantung pada kondisi pasien, dokter anestesi, operator, dan fasilitas. Pertimbangan anestesi pada GKRS antara lain prosedur dilakukan di luar kamar operasi, durasi panjang, transportasi ke beberapa tempat seperti radiologi dan cathlab, imobilisasi kepala untuk mencegah pergeseran frame stereotaktik, pasien sendiri di dalam ruang radiasi, prinsip neuroanestesi pediatrik.
Anesthetic Management of Pediatric Patient with Cystic Craniopharyngioma Underwent Gamma Knife Radiosurgery
Abstract
Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumor characterized by cystic and calcification, surrounded by vital structures therefor it is difficult to perform total tumor resection. Combination with Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is the best treatment option. The complexities of GKRS consisting of several phases lasts for 6-10 hours. Anesthesia is needed for uncooperative patients. This is a case of a 4-year-old girl with cystic craniopharyngioma. The patient had chief complaint of blurry vision, physical examinations revealed bilateral papil atrophy. Result of MRI showed tumor mass compressing inferior hypophyse. Patient underwent the procedure under moderate sedation with Propofol at 75 mcg/kg/min for 6 hours. Intraoperative hemodynamic condition was stable without adverse events. Choice of anesthesia either general anesthesia or sedation, depends on the condition of patient, considerations from anesthesiologist dan neurosurgeon, dan availability of facilities. Unique considerations for GKRS are; a non-operating room anesthesia, long duration, transportation to other units such as radiology and cathlab, head of the patients need to be immobilized to prevent frame displacement, the patient will be alone in the treatment room, and principles of pediatric anesthesia and neuroanesthesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v10i2.353
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