Pengelolaan Diabetes Insipidus dengan Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome dan Tension Pneumocephalus pada Pasien Pascabedah Eksisi Tumor Pineal
Abstract
Ketidakseimbangan elektrolit pada pasien pasca bedah saraf sering terjadi dan berpotensi menyebabkan cedera otak sekunder yang dapat memperburuk luaran pasien, sekalipun pembedahan sukses dilaksanakan. Diabetes insipidus merupakan disfungsi hipofisis yang menyebabkan hipernatremia. Kondisis ini sering terjadi pada kelainan hipofisis, namun jarang sebagai akibat tumor pineal. Seorang pasien laki-laki usia 21 tahun dengan diabetes insipidus prabedah menjalani pembedahan kraniotomi dan eksisi tumor pineal. Pada periode pascabedah pasien mengalami episode diabetes insipidus yang dipersulit dengan Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome dan Tension Pneumocephalus. Pemantauan ketat akan status volume, kadar gula dan elektrolit darah serta dosis desmopressin yang optimal merupakan kunci keberhasilan penanganan pasien ini sehingga tidak mengalami cedera otak sekunder. Seorang intensivis memegang peranan penting dalam pengelolaan pasien seperti ini terutama terkait patofisiologi kelainan intrakranial dan implikasinya terhadap keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit.
Management of Diabetes Insipidus Complicated by Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome and Postoperative Tension Pneumocephalus in a patient who underwent Pineal Tumor Removal
Abstract
Electrolyte imbalance is an often incident in patients underwent neurosurgery and it potentially induces secondary brain injury, leading to a worse outcome, despite successful surgery. Diabetes insipidus is a frequent hypernatremic condition, commonly caused by abnormalities in the hypophysis; but rarely happens due to pineal tumor. A 21-year-old male with preoperative diabetes insipidus experienced episodes of diabetes insipidus complicated by cerebral salt wasting syndrome and tension pneumocephalus after a successful pineal tumor removal surgery. Closed observation on volume status, plasma glucose and electrolyte, along with optimal dose of desmopressin were keys of successful postoperative management in this patient in order to avoid the patient from secondary brain injury. An intensivist plays a key role, mainly in the understanding of intracranial pathophysiology and its implications to fluid and electrolyte balance.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v10i3.337
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