Manajemen Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Akromegali yang Menjalani Prosedur Reseksi Tumor Adenohipofise melalui Pendekatan Sublabial Transphenoidal
Abstract
Akromegali merupakan penyakit akibat produksi growth hormone secara berlebihan dan umumya disebabkan oleh adenoma kelenjar hipofisis. Insidensi akromegali pertahunnya mencapai 5 kasus per 1 juta orang dengan prevalensi 60 kasus per 1 juta orang. Manifestasi klinis pada tiap pasien berbeda, tergantung dari kadar dari growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, usia pasien, ukuran tumor, dan keterlambatan diagnosis. Pasien dengan akromegali telah dilaporkan memiliki tingkat mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi, peningkatan angka kematian pada umumnya terkait dengan komplikasi kelainan kardiovaskular, serebrovaskular dan masalah respirasi. Pada kasus ini, seorang laki-laki usia 57 tahun, berat badan 86 kg, dengan PS-ASA II, perawakan khas akromegali dan ditunjang dengan hasil pemeriksaan hormon. Pada pemeriksaan CT-scan ditemukan massa di ruang sella tursica. Pemeriksaan lebih lanjut menunjukkan pembesaran lidah yang menimbulkan kesulitan manajemen jalan nafas dan diklasifikasikan sebagai mallampati kelas II. Pasien akan dilakukan prosedur reseksi tumor adenohipofise melalui pendekatan sublabial transpheonidal dengan anestesi umum. Sebagian besar anestesi untuk operasi pada pasien akromegali membutuhkan perhatian khusus dibandingkan dengan tumor kepala yang lain.
Anesthesia Management in Patients with Acromegaly Underlying Adenohipofise Tumor Resection Procedures Through a Transphenoidal Sublabial Approach
Acromegaly and gigantism are clinical abnormalities due to excessive growth hormone production, usually resulted from pituitary adenoma. The incidence of acromegaly is 5 cases per 1 million people per year while the prevalence is 60 cases per 1 million people. Clinical manifestations in each patient is depending on the levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, age of the patient, tumor size and the delay in diagnosis. Increased of morbidity and mortality have been reported in acromegaly patients predominantly caused by complications of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory problem. A 57 year old male, 86 kgs, ASA physical status II. His appearance suggested acromegaly, diagnosis then confirmed with hormonal examination and imaging of the pituitary mass. Further examination presented tongue enlargement which cause airway management difficulty and classified as mallampati class II. The patient will undergo adenohipofise tumor resection procedures through a transphenoidal sublabial approach with general anaesthesia. Most of anaesthesia in acromegaly patient surgery require special attention compared with other head tumors.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol7i3.31
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