Manajemen Anestesi Stroke Perioperatif

Endah Permatasari, Dewi Yulianti Bisri, Siti Chasnak Saleh, A. Hmendra Wargahadibrata

Abstract


Stroke perioperatif merupakan suatu kejadian katastropik yang meningkatkan mortalitas dan morbiditas, terutama pada usia di atas 65 tahun. Stroke perioperatif merupakan suatu momok (kejadian yang tidak diharapkan) bagi keluarga dan rekan sejawat yang merawat. Stroke perioperatif dapat bersifat iskemik atau hemoragik yang terjadi selama masa intraoperatif hingga 30 hari pascaoperasi. Faktor risiko terjadinya stroke perioperatif diantaranya adalah: usia lanjut, riwayat stroke dan Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) sebelumnya, atrial fibrilasi, kelainan pembuluh darah dan metabolik. Umumnya stroke perioperatif tidak terjadi selama masa pembedahan atau saat pulih sadar, tetapi terjadi dalam 24 jam pertama pascabedah. Penanganan stroke perioperatif membutuhkan manajemen yang menyeluruh dan suatu kerjasama tim yang baik. Walaupun kejadiannya tidak banyak namun membutuhkan penanganan tepat karena tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi serta mengakibatkan lama perawatan memanjang. Identifikasi awal pasien dan manajemen terpadu lintas keilmuan harus dilakukan untuk mencegah luaran yang buruk setelah terjadinya stroke perioperatif.

Anesthetic Management of Perioperative Stroke

Perioperative stroke can be a catastrophic outcome for surgical patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially in the age above 65. A perioperative stroke is an unexpected event for families and caring colleagues. A perioperative stroke may be an ischemic or haemorrhagic disorder that occurs intraoperatively or up to 30 days postoperatively. Risk factors for perioperative stroke include elderly, history of previous stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), atrial fibrillation, vascular and metabolic disorder. Most perioperative stroke generally does not occur during the intraoperative period or soon after recovering period but within the first 24 hours. Handling perioperative stroke requires a thorough management and a good teamwork. Perioperative stroke can be devastating, as they not only result in death but also prolong the length of hospital stay, increasing cost and greater likelihood of discharge to long term care facilities. Although the incidence is not much but this requires appropriate treatment because of high morbidity and mortality and also result in prolong length of hospital stay. Early identification and expeditious management involving a multidisciplinary approach is the key to avoid a poor outcome following perioperative stroke.


Keywords


faktor risiko; stroke perioperatif; anestesi; perioperative stroke; risk factor anesthesia;

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol7i1.29

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