Pengelolaan Kadar Gula Darah Perioperatif pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus dengan Tumor Cerebellopontine Angle

Dhania Anindita Santosa, Syafruddin Gaus, Bambang J. Oetoro, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Prevalensi penyakit diabetes mellitus (DM) meningkat sangat cepat pada abad ke-21, terutama karena obesitas, penuaan dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) menyatakan diperkirakan penderita DM menjadi 380 juta pada tahun 2025. Pasien dengan DM yang menjalani pembedahan mungkin sudah disertai dengan penyakit lain akibat DM. Episode hipoglikemia, hiperglikemia dan variabilitas kadar gula darah yang tinggi perioperatif memberikan risiko tingginya komplikasi perioperatif pada pasien. Seorang ahli anestesi memegang peranan penting dalam pengelolaan perioperatif pasien-pasien seperti ini, terutama pasien bedah saraf di mana otak sangat bergantung pada glukosa sebagai bahan bakar.  Seorang wanita usia 46 tahun dengan DM dan tumor cerebellopontine angle (CPA) menjalani pembedahan elektif eksisi tumor. Pembedahan dilakukan dengan anestesi umum intubasi endotrakeal dan berjalan kurang lebih sembilan jam. Tantangan selama periode perioperatif adalah menjaga kadar gula darah tetap dalam rentang target yang diinginkan untuk meminimalisir cedera sekunder pada otak yang dapat mempengaruhi luaran kognitif serta komplikasi perioperatif yang mungkin terjadi. Pascabedah pasien dirawat di ICU dengan bantuan ventilator dan dilakukan ekstubasi tiga jam pascabedah dengan kadar gula darah stabil dan tanpa sequelae

Perioperative Glucose Control in Diabetic Patients with Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor

Prevalence of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) increases rapidly in the 21st century, mainly due to obesity, aging and lack of physical activity. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) predicted that by the year of 2025, 380 million people will suffer from DM. Diabetic patients undergoing surgery might have other diseases caused by DM. Episodes of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and high perioperative glucose level put the patients into higher perioperative risks. Anesthesiologists play a key role in perioperative management in these patients, moreover in neurosurgery pastients, as brain is very glucose-dependent. A 46 year old diabetic woman with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor underwent elective surgery of tumor removal. Surgery was done under general endotracheal anesthesia and lasted for nine hours. Challenges during perioperative period are to maintain glucose level within target range to minimize secondary injury to the brain which may influence cognitive outcome and other possible perioperative complications. Patient was taken care at the ICU post operatively with ventilator. Patient was weaned and extubated three hours later with stable glucose control and no sequelae.


Keywords


pengelolaan kadar gula darah; perioperatif; diabetes; tumor; perioperative glucose control; perioperative; diabetes; tumor

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol7i1.25

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