Tata Kelola Edem Paru Neurogenik
Abstract
Edem paru neurogenik merupakan salah satu komplikasi pernafasan yang dapat muncul setelah cedera/trauma susunan saraf pusat. Bervariasinya laporan epidemiologi dan patofisiologi edem paru neurogenik dapat menyebabkan misdiagnosis yang dapat memperburuk prognosis pada pasien yang mengalami edem paru neurogenik. Patofisiologi edem paru neurogenik diduga dimulai dari kerusakan pada persarafan autonom pembuluh darah pulmonal dan stimulasi berlebihan dari pusat vasomotor susunan saraf pusat, yang kemudian menyebabkan berbagai perubahan yang terjadi pada pembuluh darah pulmonal hingga disfungsi jantung. Investigasi klinis harus dilakukan hati-hati karena manifestasi klinis yang dapat menyerupai edem paru kardiogenik dan non-kardiogenik lainnya, hasil pemeriksaan yang tidak spesifik, dan tidak adanya kriteria diagnosis. Saat ini belum ada pedoman tata kelola edem paru neurogenik yang dapat diterima secara luas, namun berbagai studi dan literatur menyebutkan tata kelola edem paru neurogenik berupa tata kelola suportif airway, breathing, circulation, di samping tata kelola penyebab cedera/trauma susunan saraf pusat memiliki prognosis yang baik, oleh karena itu identifikasi, investigasi, dan tata kelola edem paru neurogenik harus dilakukan secepatnya. Edem paru neurogenik dapat beresolusi dengan baik dalam 48–72 jam setelah mendapatkan tata kelola yang adekuat.
Management of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema
Neurogenic pulmonary edema is one of respiration complication caused by injury of central nervous system. Due to the vary of neurogenic pulmonary edema epidemiology and pathophysiology leads to misdiagnosed of neurogenic pulmonary edema, which could worsen the clinical condition patients. The pathophysiology of neurogenic pulmonary edema is believed caused by lesion on the autonomic central of vascular pulmonary bed and overactivation of central vasomotor system, which leads to alteration of vascular pulmonary conditions and cardiac dysfunction. Clinical investigation should be done carefully, because the clinical manifestations of neurogenic pulmonary edema mimicking the cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, non-spesific diagnostic modalities, and none diagnostic criteria in neurogenic pulmonary edema. Although nowadays none of management guidelines of neurogenic pulmonary edema accepted widely, many study reported the good outcome of supportive management of airway, breathing, and circulation besides the primary management of central nervous system injury. Hence, clinical identifications, investigations, and management of neurogenic pulmonary edema should be done immediately, because of good clinical outcome in 48 – 72 hours with adequate management.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol7i1.23
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