Kemoterapi pada Pasien Operasi Tumor Otak Metastasis: Apa Implikasi Anestesinya?

Dini Handayani Putri, Dewi Yulianti Bisri, Marsudi Rasman, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Tumor otak metastasis adalah salah satu jenis keganasan intrakranial yang paling umum di temukan pada dewasa. Di Amerika Serikat sendiri tumor otak metastasis mencapai 150.000 – 170.000 kasus pertahun. Lebih dari 50% tumor  otak metastasis  terletak di supratentorial, dapat memberikan gejala neurologis, sangat bergantung akan jumlah lesi, ukuran lesi, serta ukuran dari edema vasogenik yang terjadi dan menekan jaringan otak sekitarnya. Lima sumber paling umum dari tumor otak metastasis adalah payudara, colorectal, ginjal, jantung dan melanoma. Dari keseluruhan pasien dengan tumor otak akibat metastasis 8 – 14%  akan menjalani operasi pengangkatan tumor dengan beberapa pertimbangan seperti didapatkan tanda – tanda kegawatdaruratan neurologis, ukuran massa yang besar, jenis tumor primer, grade tumor, lokasi tumor, resiko, komplikasi operasi dan  Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS). Pasien tumor otak metastasis tentunya datang dengan dengan riwayat tumor ganas pada organ tubuh lainnya dan telah menjalani kemoterapi sebagai terapi. Pasien dengan riwayat kemoterapi memerlukan perhatian khusus karena selain membunuh sel kanker, kemoterapi dapat memberi efek toksik pada sistem organ, baik efek jangka pendek maupun efek jangka panjang, sehingga di perlukaan tatalaksana perioperatif yang seksama pada operasi tumor otak metastasis agar didapatkan hasil luaran yang baik.


Chemotherapy In Patients with Metastatic Brain Tumor Surgery: What are the Implications of Anesthesia?

Metastatic brain tumor is one of the most common types of intracranial malignancies found in adults. In the United States alone metastatic brain tumors attain. 150,000 - 170,000 cases per year. Metastatic brain tumor of more than 50% is located in the supratentorial, may provide neurological symptoms, highly dependent on the number of lesions, the size of the lesion, as well as the size of the vasogenic edema that occurs and suppress the surrounding brain tissue. The five most common sources of metastatic brain tumors are breast, colorectal, kidney heart and melanoma. Of all patients with brain tumors due to metastasis 8 to 14% will undergo tumor removal surgery with some considerations such as the emergence of signs of neurological emergency, large mass size, type of primary tumor, tumor grade, tumor location, risk complication of surgery, and Karnofsky performance score (KPS). Patients with metastatic brain tumors certainly come with a history of malignant tumors in other organs and have undergone chemotherapy as therapy. Patients with a history of chemotherapy require special attention because in addition to killing cancer cells, chemotherapy can have a toxic effect on the organ system, both short-term and long-term effects, so a careful perioperatif treatment in patients with brain tumor metastasis surgery is mandatory in order to obtain good results.


Keywords


Implikasi anestesi; kemoterapi; tumor otak metastasis; Anesthesia implications; chemotherapy; metastatic brain tumor

Full Text:

PDF

References


Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Sloan AE, Davis FG, Vigneau FD, Lai P, Sawaya RE. Incidence proportions of brain metastases in patients diagnosed (1973 to 2001) in the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2865–72.

Kohler BA, Ward E, McCarthy BJ, Schymura MJ, Ries LA, Eheman C, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2007, featuring tumors of the brain and other nervous system. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103(9):714–36.

Chambers AF, MacDonald IC, Schmidt EE. Clinical targets for antimetastasis therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2000;79:91–121.

Chang C, Werb Z. The many faces of metalloproteases: cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Trends Cell Biol 2001; 11:437–43.

Nathoo N, Chahlavi A, Barnett G H, Toms S A. Pathobiology of brain metastases. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:237–42.

Bisri Y, Bisri T. Anestesi untuk operasi tumor supratentorial. Dalam: Anestesi untuk operasi tumor otak: Supratentorial Infratentorial. ed. Bandung: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran; 2016; 41–90.

Allan N,Siller C, Breen A. Anaesthetic implications of chemotherapy. Br. J. Anaesth. 2012:2;52–6.

US Census Bureau. Census.gov [Online Journal] 2011 [diunduh 28 Juni 2018]. Tersedia dari : http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/ c2010br-01.pdf (2010).

American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2013 [Online Journal] 2013 [diunduh 28 Juni 2018]. Tersedia dari: http://www.cancer.org/research/ cancerfactsfigures/cancerfactsfigures/ cancer-facts-figures-2013 2013.

Greenberg S. Cerebral metastase. Dalam: Handbook of Neurosurgery, 8th ed. Canada:2010;800–11.

Simpson AB, Paul J, Graham J, Kaye SB. Fatal bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in the west of Scotland 1991–95: a review of patients with germ cell tumours. Br J Cancer 1998; 78: 1061–6.

Donat SM. Peri-operative care in patients treated for testicular cancer. Semin Surg Oncol 1999; 17: 282–8.

Ewer M, Benjamin R. Cardiotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Dalam: Perry M, ed. The Chemotherapy Source Book. London: Williams and Wilkins; 1996; 649–59.

Pinder MC, Duan Z, Goodwin JS, Hortobagyi GN, Giordano SH. Congestive heart failure in older women treated with adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 3808–15.

van der Pal HJ, van Dalen EC, Hauptmann M. Cardiac function in 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: a long-term follow-up study. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 1247–55.

Ries F, Klastersky J. Nephrotoxicity induced by cancer chemotherapy with special emphasis on cisplatin toxicity. Am J Kidney Dis 1986; 8: 368–79.

Garg R. Anesthesiologist, anesthetics, and cancer metastasis. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2014; 30(2): 174-75.

Perry MC. Chemotherapeutic agents and hepatotoxicity. Semin Oncol 1992; 19: 551–65.

Owonikoko T, Arbiser J, Zelnak A, Shu H, Shim H, Robin A, et al. Current approaches to the treatment of metastatic brain tumours. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol 2014; 11, 203–22.

Kathleen R, James R. Imaging of brain metastases. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4: 209–19.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol8i1.204

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


                                    

 

JNI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License