Tatalaksana Anestesi Pada Pendarahan Intraserebral Spontan/Non Trauma

M. Dwi Satriyanto, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Pendarahan Intraserebral (PIS) adalah ekstravasasi darah yang masuk kedalam parenkim otak, yang dapat berkembang ke ruang ventrikel dan subarahnoid, terjadi spontan dan bukan disebabkan oleh trauma (non traumatis) dan salah satu penyebab tersering pada pasien yang dirawat di unit perawatan kritis saraf. Kejadian PIS 10-15% dari semua stroke dengan angka kematian tertinggi tingkat dari subtipe stroke dan diperkirakan 60% tidak bertahan lebih dari satu tahun. Kasus: Laki-laki 18 tahun, datang dengan keluhan penurunan kesadaran setelah sebelumnya merasakan lemas pada anggota gerak kanan yang terjadi tiba-tiba saat mengendarai kendaraan. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan kesadaran GCS E3M5V2 dengan hemodinamik cukup stabil, dan terdapat hemiplegi dextra. Pasien dirawat di perawatan intensif selama 4 hari, karena kesadaran menurun GCS E2M4V2 maka dilakukan MSCt ulangan, ditemukan adanya PIS bertambah (kurang lebih 30cc) dibandingkan dengan MSCt sebelumnya dan midline shift lebih dari 5mm. Diputuskan untuk dilakukan tindakan kraniotomi evakuasi segera dengan pemeriksaan penunjang yang cukup. Diskusi: Tindakan kraniotomi evakuasi pada pasien PIS menjadi tantangan bagi seorang anestesi, sehingga diperlukan pengetahuan akan patofisiologi, mortalitas PIS dan tindakan anestesi yang harus dipersiapkan dan dikerjakan dengan tepat.

 

Anesthesia Management In Intra Cerebral Hemorrhage Spontaneous/Non Traumatic

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the extravasations of blood into the brain parenchyma, which may develop into ventricular and subarachnoid space, there was spontaneous and not caused by trauma (non-traumatic), and one of the most common cause in patients treated in the neurological critical care unit. ICH represents perhaps 10–15% of all strokes with the highest mortality rates of stroke subtypes and about 60% of patients with ICH do not survive beyond one year Case: Men 18 years, came with complaints of loss of consciousness after feeling weakness on the right limb that occurs suddenly while driving a vehicle. On examination of consciousness obtained GCS E3M5V2 with hemodynamic was stable, there right hemiplegic. Patients treated in intensive care for 4 (four) days, because of decreased consciousness GCS E2M4V2 then performed MSCt test, found the existence of ICH (approximately 30cc) compared with the previous MSCt and the midline shift was more than 5mm. It was decided to evacuate immediately craniotomy action with adequate investigation. Discussion: Procedure of craniotomy evacuation in ICH patients be a challenge for an anesthesiologist, so knowledge of the pathophysiology, mortality ICH and anesthetic procedure that should be prepared and done properly.

 


Keywords


Perdarahan Intraserebral Spontan/non trauma; tatalaksana anestesi; spontaneous/non traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage; anesthesia management

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i4.194

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