Membran Sel Neuron dan Sawar Darah Otak sebagai Struktur Proteksi Otak

Rose Mafiana, Tatang Bisri

Abstract


Otak adalah organ vital tubuh yang rentan untuk rusak. Mempunyai kebutuhan oksigen yang tinggi, sangat tergantung terhadap glukosa, mempunyai kecepatan metabolisme yang tinggi, tetapi mempunyai daya adaptasi yang rendah terhadap cedera serta sangat sulit beregenerasi. Cedara pada sel otak (neuron) adalah suatu kondisi yang serius yang dapat menyebabkan disfungsi dan kematian sel otak. Kebutuhan otak yang tinggi akan oksigen dan glikogen secara konstan adalah untuk memproduksi energi tubuh berupa adenosine-5’-triposphate (ATP) yang berguna untuk mempertahankan kehidupannya. Injuri sel dapat mengganggu metabolisme tersebut, mengurangi produksi ATP, menurunkan cadangan ATP dan menyebabkan proses glikolisis dan penggunaan laktat tubuh sebagai sumber energi metabolisme. Kondisi patologis ini memicu untuk terjadinya kerusakan sampai kematian sel melalui jalur nekrosis maupun apoptosis. Oleh karena itu otak dilindungi oleh membran sel dan sistem pembuluh darah otak yang bersifat spesifik, yang disebut sawar darah otak.

 

Membrane Neuronal Cell and Blood Brain Barriere as Structure Brain Protection

The brain is the body's vital organs are susceptible to damage. Have a high oxygen demand, is highly dependent on glucose, has a high metabolic rate, but have low adaptability of the injury and it is very difficult to egeneration. Injury on brain cells (neurons) is a serious condition because of risk for dysfunction and cells death. The brain needs for oxygen and glycogen constanly to produce the body's energy in the form of adenosine-5'-triposphate (ATP) which is useful for maintaining life. Injury can interfere with the metabolism of these cells, reducing the production of ATP, reducing ATP reserves and cause glycolysis process in the body and the use of lactate as an energy source metabolisme. This pathological condition for the occurrence of damage cell and trigger to cell death through necrosis or apoptosis process. Therefore, the protective structure cell membran and cerebral vascular system such as special, the vascular structure is blood brain barrier.


Keywords


Otak; neuron; membran sel; sawar darah otak; brain; neurons; cell membrane; blood brain barrier

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i3.174

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