Angka Kejadian dan Outcome Cedera Otak di RS. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Tahun 2008-2010

Abstract

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Cedera otak traumatik (COT) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia terutama negara berkembang dengan angka kematian yang tinggi pada dewasa muda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah angka kejadian COT dan karakteristiknya di RS. Hasan Sadikin (RSHS) Bandung.

Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan subyek pasien COT di Instalansi Gawat Darurat RSHS pada tahun 2008-2010. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan memakai data status pasien dan data elektronik catatan medis. Data dicatat dan dikelompokan sesuai dengan variabel karakteristik, outcome, serta dihitung CFR.

Hasil: Angka kejadian COT selama 3 tahun di RSHS 3578 kasus, data yang berhasil dicatat sebanyak 2836 kasus, data yang tidak lengkap 483, dan data yang hilang 259, dengan CFR 3,5%. Kejadian COT ringan 1641 kasus, COT sedang 1086 kasus, COT berat 109 kasus. Kejadian pada laki-laki (79,8%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan (20,2%) dan tertinggi pada 18-45 tahun. Kecelakaan kendaraan roda dua adalah penyebab utama COT pada pasien RSHS. Jumlah terbanyak yang dilakukan operasi adalah fraktur depres dan cedera otak sedang. Interval waktu kedatangan di IGD sampai dimulainya operasi lebih dari 6 jam sebanyak 410 kejadian (60%) dan 273 kejadian (40%) memerlukan waktu operasi kurang dari 6 jam. Outcome pada pasien COT ringan adalah baik yaitu sebesar 94,7%, sedangkan outcome buruk dijumpai pada COT sedang sebesar 5,3%.

Simpulan: Insidensi dan mortalitas COT di RSHS masih sangat tinggi dan tertinggi pada laki-laki, terjadi pada kelompok usia remaja sampai dewasa muda. Penyebab utama COT karena kecelakaan kendaraan roda dua dan mayoritas outcome pascaoperasi baik.

Incidence and Outcome of Head Injury at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung 2008-2010

Background and Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the health problems in the world, especially in developing countries with high mortality rates in young adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of TBI incidence and characteristics at Hasan Sadikin Hospital (RSHS) Bandung

Subject and Method: This research method is descriptive retrospective subject all patients with TBI at the emergency room RSHS in 2008 to 2010. Sampling was conducted using patient status data and electronic data of medical records. Data were recorded and classified in accordance with variable characteristics, outcome and Case Fatality Rate was calculated.

Results: The incidence of TBI in 3 years at the RSHS is 3578 cases. Completed data attained were 2836 cases, with incomplete data in 483 cases and missing data in 259 cases with CFR 3.5%. The incidence of mild head injury were 1641 cases, moderate head injury were 1086 cases and 109 cases of severe head injury and CFR 3.5%. Incidence of TBI occurred in men was 79.8% which was higher compared to female 20.2%, with the age group of 18-45 years old was the highest. Majority were motorcycle accidents as the leading cause of TBI, and the most frequent diagnosis was depressed fracture have surgery. The most cases that underwent surgery were patients with moderate TBI. The more than 6 hours interval from emergency admission to surgery were recorded in 419 cases (60%) and < 6 hours interval in 273 cases (40%). Good outcome were recorded in the mild TBI 94.7%, but poor outcome were recorded in moderate TBI as many as 5.3%, 90 Jurnal Neuroanestesia Indonesia

Conclusion: The incidence and mortality rate of TBI at RSHS was still very high. TBI occured mostly in men and in adolescent to young adult age group. The cause of head trauma was high due to motorcycle accidents, but most of the cases had a good outcome.