Manajemen Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Cedera Medula Spinalis Segmen Cervicalis
Abstract
Manajemen medula spinalis, terutama bagian cervical selama operasi dan resusitasi pasien dengan cedera spinal, memiliki banyak pertimbangan penting untuk ahli anestesi, antara lain dengan memperhitungkan hal-hal yang berpotensi menyebabkan cedera berat irreversibel selama dilakukan intubasi trakeal. Pasien laki-laki usia 57 tahun, datang ke Rumah Sakit Sanglah Denpasar dalam kondisi sadar mengeluh nyeri pada leher dan tidak bisa menggerakkan ke empat anggota geraknya segera setelah kecelakaan. Pengelolaan anestesi untuk membantu tindakan operasi ini dilakukan dengan anestesi umum inhalasi dengan pemasangan pipa nasotrakheal non kinking, nafas kendali. Untuk premedikasi diberikan midazolam intravena, induksi dengan propofol dan fentanyl intravena, dan fasilitasi intubasi dengan menggunakan vekuronium intravena. Intubasi dikerjakan dengan bantuan glidescope untuk meminimalisasi ekstensi kepala. Pemeliharaan anestesi dengan menggunakan N2O, O2, sevofluran dan vekuronium intermitten. Monitoring tanda vital tekanan darah, laju nadi, EKG, SaO2, dan ET CO2. Operasi dikerjakan dengan posisi telungkup, pendekatan dari posterior. Selama operasi hemodinamik pasien relatif stabil. Hari I pascaoperasi dimulai program diet enteral, hari II pascaoperasi penderita dipindahkan ke ruangan biasa. Penilaian nyeri dengan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) dengan hasil 1–2. Fungsi motorik pasien meningkat 1 point dibandingkan pre op, hari IX pascaoperasi penderita diprogram rawat jalan oleh sejawat Bedah Saraf. Cedera pada medulla spinalis segmen cervical memerlukan penanganan yang cermat. Penanganan jalan nafas definitif dengan melakukan intubasi trakheal harus sangat berhati–hati, dan harus dijaga agar tidak terjadi cedera lebih jauh akibat tindakan laryngoscopy.
Anesthetic Management for Patient with Cervicalis Spinal Cord Injury
Management for spinal cord injury, especially the cervical part during surgery and also resuscitation of patients with spinal injuries, has many important considerations for anesthesiologists,which is also have potential to cause severe irreversible injury during tracheal intubation. Patient male, 57 years old, came to Sanglah Hospital with chief complain neck pain and could not move all extremities immediately after an accident. Anesthesia performed by general anesthesia inhalation with insertion nasotracheal tube. For premedication was given IV midazolam. Induction with IV propofol and fentanyl, and vecuronium used as muscle relaxant. Intubation performed with glidescope guidance to minimize the extension of the head. Maintenance of anesthesia with N2O, O2, sevoflurane and intermittent IV vecuronium. Monitoring during anesthesia and surgery such as blood pressure, pulse rate, ECG, SaO2, and ET CO2. The surgery was done with prone position and posterior approach. During surgery the patient’s hemodynamic relative stable. Day I post operation, patient start to have enteral diet, and the next day patient was transferred to regular ward. Pain assesment was done with Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) with score 1–2. Motor function of the patients increased 1 point compared to preoperation. Day IX post operation, patient was discharged from the hospital. Cervical spinal cord injury requires careful handling. Definitive airway by endotracheal intubation should be done with extreme careful, and shall not cause further injury due to laryngoscopy.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Heath KJ, Erskine RE. The anesthetic management of spinal injury and surgery to the cervical spine. Dalam: Matta BF, Menon DK, Turner JM, eds. Textbook of neuroanaesthesia and critical Care. 1st ed. London: Greenwich Medical Media Ltd; 2000,239–50
Singh AP. Airway management of the cervical spine injured patients. PowerPoint Presentation. 10 March 2007. Tersedia dari: http://clinicaldepartments.musc.edu/anesthesia/intranet/education/resident%20research/
files/singh.pdf
Crosby ET. Considerations for airway management for cervical spine surgery in adults. Anesthesiology Clin 25:511–23, 2007
Fitzgerald RD. Anaesthesia and cervical spine injury. Anaesthesia Tutorial, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, City of Vienna Hospital, Vienna, 2006 [Diunduh28 Februari 2014]. Tersedia dari :http://www.kuleuven.be/anesthesie/congressen/2006/saturday/kul2006_fitzgerald.pdf
Ivy ME, Cohn SM. Addressing the myths of cervical spine injury management. Amer J Emerg Med 1997; 15: 591–5
Raw DA, Beattie JK, Hunter JM. Anesthesia for spinal surgery in adults. Br. J. Anaesth. 2003, 91 (6): 886–904
Rao GSU. Anaesthetic and intensive care management of traumatic cervical spine injury. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia 2008; 52 (1): 13–22
Crabb I. Anaesthesia for spinal surgery. Dalam: Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. The Medicine Publishing Company; 2003,80–4
Samantaray A. Anesthesia for spine surgery. Indian Anaesthetists’ Forum. Januari 2006. Tersedia dari: http://www.theiaforum.org.
Cowie P, Andrews P. The unstable cervical spine. Anaesthesia Tutorial of The Week 292. 9 September 2013. Tersedia dari: http://www. totw.anesthesiologists.org
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol3i2.142
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
JNI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License