Luaran Pasien Cedera Kepala Berat yang Dilakukan Operasi Kraniotomi Evakuasi Hematoma atau Kraniektomi Dekompresi di RSU Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh

Zafrullah Kany Jasa, Fachrul Jamal, Imam Hidayat

Abstract


Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Kraniotomi evakuasi hematoma dan kraniektomi dekompresi merupakan suatu tindakan definitif terhadap pasien cedera kepala berat. Perlu dilakukan suatu evaluasi untuk mengetahui luaran tindakan pembedahan sebagai informasi dalam memperbaiki dan mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas baik di bidang anestesi maupun bedah saraf.
Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian deskriptif ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Zainoel Abidin terhadap 83 pasien pasien cedera kepala berat yang dilakukan tindakan kraniotomi evakuasi hematoma atau kraniektomi dekompresi yang kemudian di rawat di ICU selama tahun 2012. Pasien dilakukan operasi dalam 24 jam setelah masuk rumah sakit dan kemudian dirawat di ICU. Dilakukan pencatatan umur, jenis kelamin dan luaran setelah operasi yaitu perbaikan fungsi motorik dan angka kematian selama rawatan 5 hari di ICU.
Hasil: Pasien yang masuk dalam penelitian dengan jumlah 56 (67%) laki-laki dan 27 (33%) perempuan dengan usia sebagian besar 15-20 tahun 27% usia lebih dari 40 tahun 35%. Terdapat perbaikan fungsi motorik dalam skala penilaian GCS pada pasien setelah operasi terutama pada skala motorik 1 sampai 3 menjadi skala 2 sampai 5 setelah operasi. Angka kematian dalam 5 hari rawatan mencapai 57% (48 pasien) dan pasien yang hidup setelah 5 hari pasca operasi 43% (35 pasien). Sebagian besar kematian terjadi pada perawatan hari ke 2 (25%) dan hari ke 3 (35%).
Simpulan: Tindakan operasi kraniotomi untuk evakuasi hematoma atau kraniektomi dekompresi pada pasien cedera kepala berat dapat memperbaiki fungsi motorik dan angka kematian 57% setelah 5 hari rawatan awal di ICU.

 

Postoperative Outcome of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Undergoing Craniotomy to Evacuate Hematoma or Decompressive Craniectomy at Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh

Backgroud and Objective: Craniotomy to evacuate hematoma and decompressive craniectomy is definitive treatment for severe head injury patients. We need to evaluate the outcome after surgery as the basis information for improve management and to reduce mortality and morbidity rate in neuroanesthesia or neurosurgery as well.

Subject and Method: This descriptive research was conducted in Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh on 83 severe head injury patients undergoing craniotomy to evacuate hematoma or decompressive craniectomy continued with postoperative care in the intensive care unit in 2012. Age, sex, and outcome motoric function on GCS scale and morbidity were recorded during 5 day care in the ICU. 

Results: Eighty three severe head injury patients at Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh underwent craniotomy to evacuate hematoma or decompressive craniectomy continued with postoperative care in the ICU in 2012 were included with 56 (67%) male and 27(33%) female, aged 15‒20 y.o (27%) and >40 y.o (35%). Motoric function was improved from 1‒3 to 2‒5 according to GCS scale after the surgery. There were 48 (57%) patients died and 35 (43%) patients survived after undergoing surgery and 5 day tratment in the ICU. Most of death happened on day 2 (25%) and day 3 (35%). 

Conclusion: Craniotomy to evacute hematoma or decompressive craniectomy may improve the motoric function with mortality rate 57% during initial 5 day in ICU.


Keywords


Cedera kepala berat; kranitomi; kraniektomi; luaran; severe head injury; craniotomy; craniectomy; outcome

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol3i1.128

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