Penatalaksanaan Perioperatif Hipofisektomi Transsphenoidal: Pendekatan Endoskopik Endonasal
Abstract
Tumor kelenjar hipofisa sering dijumpai dan mewakili kurang lebih 10% dari semua neoplasma otak yang terdiagnosa. Meski tersedia terapi medis, pendekatan pembedahan menjadi lebih sering dilakukan. Pendekatan transsphenoidal endonasal endoskopik dipilih karena memiliki keuntungan untuk mencapai regio sella secara cepat dengan resiko kerusakan otak dan komplikasi pascabedah yang minimal. Pengetahuan dan keahlian dokter anestesi tentang pembedahan endoskopik basis kranii dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kriteria dalam menyediakan keadaan anestesi yang aman, yang akan memainkan peran penting dalam menghasilkan luaran yang diharapkan. Seorang wanita 25 tahun dibawa ke rumah sakit dengan penurunan kesadaran pasca seksio sesarea. Pada pemeriksaan ditemukan edema otak, dan hidrosephalus yang kemudian dilakukan pintas ventrikuloperitoneal. Pemeriksaan lebih lanjut didapatkan massa kistik suprasellar dan pembedahan hipofisektomi transsphenoidal melalui jalur endonasal endoskopik dipilih sebagai pendekatan surgikal. Pasien dengan kelainan hipofisa serta pendekatan pembedahan endoskopik memberikan tantangan tersendiri bagi dokter anestesi. Peralatan endoskopik berteknologi tinggi, pertimbangan intraoperatif yang berhubungan dengan tehnik ini, membutuhkan pengelolaan anestesi yang baik selama periode perioperatif, sehingga dokter anestesi dapat memberikan anestesi yang aman selama prosedur pembedahan dan memberi kontribusi besar bagi keberhasilan dan kemajuan pembedahan endoskopik basis kranii.
Perioperative Management of Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy:
Endoscopic Endonasal Approach
Pituitary gland tumor represents 10% of all brain neoplasms. Although medical therapy is available, surgical approach becomes commonly performed. The transsphenoidal via endoscopic endonasal is preferred because it has advantage of rapid access to the sella region with minimal traumatic risk to the brain as well as post-operative complications. The highly advance technology, the position of neurosurgeon when performing the surgery and other intraoperative consideration present a unique challenge which require a thorough understanding and the skill of anesthesia management that is tailored to the needs of safe anesthesia for this technique. A 25 years old woman was admitted to hospital following a decreased in level of conciousness after sectio cesarea and found to have edema cerebri and hydrocephalus. Ventricular peritoneal shunt was performed immediately. Further examination revealed a cystic mass in suprasellar region and transsphenoidal hypophysectomy via endonasal endoscopic route was chosen as surgical approach. Patient with pituitary disease and endoscopic method present challenges to the anesthesiologist. High technology equipment and techniques, as well as other intraoperative considerations mandate the skillfulness of anesthesia management throughout the perioperative periode. Those considerations will ensure the neuroanestesiologist for a safe anesthesia and continue to make contributions to the development of full endoscopic skull base surgery.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol4i1.101
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