Penatalaksanaan Anestesi pada Pembedahan Akustik Neuroma dengan Monitoring Saraf Kranialis

Sandhi Christanto, I Putu Pramana Suarjaya, Sri Rahardjo

Abstract


Tumor di daerah Cerebello pontine Angle (CPA) mencakup kurang lebih 10% dari seluruh angka kejadian tumor primer intrakranial pada orang dewasa. Sebagian besar kasus tumor CPA (80–90%) adalah akustik neuroma dan sisanya berupa meningioma, epidermoid, kista arakhnoid dan lain sebagainya. Akustik neuroma bersifat jinak namun dapat mengancam jiwa karena lokasinya yang berdekatan dengan struktur- struktur vital di daerah CPA. Pengelolaan anestesi pasien dengan neuroma akustik perlu memperhatikan pertimbangan-pertimbangan seperti lokasi tumor yang berdekatan dengan struktur vital, posisi operasi dan risiko yang dapat ditimbulkan, risiko emboli udara selama tindakan operasi, gangguan hemodinamik akibat manuver pembedahan di regio infratentorial dan monitoring neurofiologis selama operasi untuk mencegah kerusakan saraf kranial didaerah tersebut. Wanita 46 th, berat badan 48 kg diagnosa tumor CPA kanan, dengan diagnosa banding akustik neuroma dan meningioma. Pasien mengeluh telinga kanan berdenging dan pendengaran menurun sejak 1 tahun yang lalu namun keluhan dan gejala neurologis lain tidak didapatkan. Pemeriksaan MRI didapatkan massa di daerah CPA dextra ukuran 2,2 x 1,2 x 2,2 cm yang mendesak saraf kranial V ke supero-medial. Tindakan pembedahan dengan monitoring saraf kranialis diperlukan untuk mengambil tumor dengan meminimalkan risiko kerusakan pada saraf kranialis yang ada disekitar tumor tersebut. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah membahas pengelolaan pasien yang dilakukan pembedahan di daerah CPA dan pertimbangan-pertimbangan anestesi yang berkaitan dengan tehnik diatas.

Surgery Anesthesia Management on Acoustic Neuroma with Cranial Nerves Monitoring

Cerebellopontine angle tumor represent 10% of all adult primary intracranial tumor. Most common form of CPA tumor (80–90%) is acoustic neuroma and the rest are meningiomas, epidermoid, arachnoid cyst and many others. Although acoustic neuroma is benign lesion, this tumor can bring threat to life because the complex anatomy and important neurovascular structures that traverse this space. Like all posterior fossa surgery, perioperative considerations of acoustic neuroma management related to anatomical complexity, patient positioning, the potential for venous-air embolism, brainstem dysfunctions, hemodynamic arousal caused by surgical maneuver and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring. A 46 years old woman, 48kg was diagnosed with right CPA tumor with differential diagnose between acoustic neuroma and meningioma. She complained of gradual loss of hearing in right ear and associated with tinnitus . Other neurologic defisit was not found. Right CPA mass, 2,2 x 1,2 x 2,2 cm size with pressure over fifth cranial nerve to supero-medial region was found in MRI examination. Surgical approach with intraoperative neuromonitoring need to be done in order to resect tumor while minimizing risk of cranial nerve injury. The purpose of this case report is to discuss management patient with CPA tumor and its anestetic considerations which are connected to the procedure.


Keywords


Cerebellopontine angle tumor; intraoperatif neurologik monitoring; Cerebellopontine angle tumor; intraoperative neurologic monitoring

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol5i1.59

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