Konsep Dasar Transcranial Doppler (TCD) untuk Neurocritical Care
Abstract
Transcranial Doppler merupakan salah satu aplikasi dari penggunaan ultrasonografi (USG) sehingga bersifat noninvasif dan mobile. Untuk dapat menggunakan TCD dengan baik maka diperlukan pemahaman mengenai doppler effect yang merupakan dasar perhitungan dari parameter TCD, acoustic window yang mana merupakan tempat dimana dilakukan isonasi sehingga menemukan arteri yang benar, anatomi dari arteri yang akan diisonasi dan tipe alat TCD yang digunakan untuk mengisonasi. Informasi mengenai keadaan sirkulasi darah otak menggunakan TCD didapatkan melalui parameter-parameter yang langsung dihitung oleh alat TCD diantaranya peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean flow velocity, pulsatility index dan resistence index. Selanjutnya ada juga informasi-informasi lainnya yang didapatkan dengan memasukkan parameter-parameter tersebut ke sebuah rumus, seperti misalnya mean flow velocity, tekanan intrakranial, tekanan perfusi otak. Selain itu TCD juga dapat digunakan untuk menilai keutuhan autoregulasi, vasospasme, hiperemia, dan mati batang otak.
Basic Concept of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) for Neuroanesthesia and Critical Care
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is one of the applicable use of ultrasonograhy (USG), so it is noninvasif and mobile. To use TCD properly, the understanding of Doppler effect as the basic to calculate the parameters of TCD, acoustic window which are the place where to isonate to find the correct arterie, the anatomy of arteries that will be isonated and type of TCD device that will be used to isonated are needed. Information about cerebral circulation using TCD can be achieved from parameters that are directly calculated by the TCD device such as peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, mean flow velocity, pulsatility index and resistence index. Furthermore, there are also informations that can be archived by putting up those parameters to a formula such as mean flow velocity, intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Beside that TCD also can be used to evaluate autoregulation, vasospasme, hypermia, and brain death.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Matta B, Czosnyka M. Transcranial doppler ultrasonography in anesthesia and neurosurgery. Dalam: Cottrell JE, Patel P, penyunting. Neuroanesthesia. edisi 6. United States of America: Elsevier; 2017. hlm. 131–42.
Allan PL. The carotid and vertebral arteries; transcranial colour doppler. Clinical Doppler Ultrasound: Expert Consult: Online. 2013:39.
Naqvi J, Yap KH, Ahmad G, Ghosh J. Transcranial doppler ultrasound: a review of the physical principles and major applications in critical care. International journal of vascular medicine. 2013;2013.
Moppett I, Mahajan R. Transcranial doppler ultrasonography in anaesthesia and intensive care. Br J. of Anaesth. 2004;93(5):710–24.
McDicken WN, Hoskins PR. Physics: principles, practice and artefacts. Clinical Doppler Ultrasound: Expert Consult: Online. 2013:1.
Bathala L, Mehndiratta MM, Sharma VK. Transcranial doppler: technique and common findings (Part 1). Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2013;16(2):174.
Akif Topcuoglu M. Transcranial doppler ultrasound in neurovascular diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Journal of neurochemistry. 2012;123(s2):39–51.
Bellner J, Romner B, Reinstrup P, Kristiansson K-A, Ryding E, Brandt L. Transcranial doppler sonography pulsatility index (PI) reflects intracranial pressure (ICP). Surgical neurology. 2004;62(1):45–51.
Schmidt E, Czosnyka M, Gooskens I, Piechnik S, Matta B, Whitfield P, dkk. Preliminary experience of the estimation of cerebral perfusion pressure using transcranial doppler ultrasonography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2001;70(2):198–204.
Bouzat P, Oddo M, Payen J-F. Transcranial doppler after traumatic brain injury: is there a role? Current opinion in critical care. 2014;20(2):153–60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol6i3.49
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
JNI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License