Penanganan Anestesi pada Pasien Pediatri dengan Cedera Otak Traumatik Sedang, Fraktur Impresi dan Edem Serebri

Dhania A Santosa, Prihatma Kriswidyantomo, Pesta Parulian Maurid Edwar, Hamzah Hamzah

Abstract


Cedera otak traumatik merupakan penyebab terbanyak kecacatan dan kematian pada anak dan orang dewasa. Di Amerika Serikat, terjadi lebih dari 510.000 kasus cedera otak traumatik per tahun pada anak-anak usia 0-14 tahun;1 dengan 2.000–3.000 di antaranya meninggal setiap tahunnya. Tujuan dari penanganan cedera otak traumatik selain menangani cedera primernya, juga untuk mencegah terjadinya cedera sekunder. Seorang anak laki-laki usia 12 tahun mengalami kecelakaan lalu lintas dan didiagnosis dengan cedera otak traumatik sedang, fraktur impresi regio temporo parietal kanan dan edema serebri dengan komorbiditas anemia, rencana akan dilakukan pembedahan darurat untuk debridement, eksplorasi duramater dan rekonstruksi tulang. Pembedahan dilakukan dengan anestesi umum intubasi endotrakeal dan berjalan selama tujuh jam. Kondisi pasien selama pembedahan relatif stabil dan setelahnya dirawat di Ruang Observasi Intensif dengan bantuan ventilator. Setelah memastikan kondisi ekstrakranial normal, pasien kemudian disapih dari ventilator dan diekstubasi keesokan harinya. Pasien dipulangkan pada hari kedelapan setelah kejadian.

Anesthesia Management in Pediatric Patient with Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury, Impression Fracture and Cerebral Oedema

Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adult patients. In United States, 510,000 cases of traumatic brain injury occur each year in children aged 0-14 years;1 with 2.000-3.000 pass away each year. Cure the primary insult and prevent secondary injury are the important thing in traumatic brain injury. A 12-year-old boy had a motor vehicle accident and was diagnosed with moderate traumatic brain injury, impression fracture at the right temporo parietal region and cerebral edema, with anemia, planned for emergency surgery of debridement, duramater exploration and bone reconstruction. Surgery was done under general anesthesia using endotracheal intubation and lasted for seven hours. Patient’s condition remained relatively stable during surgery and was observed with ventilator supported in Intensive Observation Ward afterward. Once extracranial factors considered normal, patient was weaned and extubated the next day. Patient was sent home on the eight day after incident. 

Cedera otak traumatik merupakan penyebab terbanyak kecacatan dan kematian pada anak dan orang dewasa. Di Amerika Serikat, terjadi lebih dari 510.000 kasus cedera otak traumatik per tahun pada anak-anak usia 0-14 tahun;1 dengan 2.000–3.000 di antaranya meninggal setiap tahunnya. Tujuan dari penanganan cedera otak traumatik selain menangani cedera primernya, juga untuk mencegah terjadinya cedera sekunder. Seorang anak laki-laki usia 12 tahun mengalami kecelakaan lalu lintas dan didiagnosis dengan cedera otak traumatik sedang, fraktur impresi regio temporo parietal kanan dan edema serebri dengan komorbiditas anemia, rencana akan dilakukan pembedahan darurat untuk debridement, eksplorasi duramater dan rekonstruksi tulang. Pembedahan dilakukan dengan anestesi umum intubasi endotrakeal dan berjalan selama tujuh jam. Kondisi pasien selama pembedahan relatif stabil dan setelahnya dirawat di Ruang Observasi Intensif dengan bantuan ventilator. Setelah memastikan kondisi ekstrakranial normal, pasien kemudian disapih dari ventilator dan diekstubasi keesokan harinya. Pasien dipulangkan pada hari kedelapan setelah kejadian.


Keywords


anestesi; pediatri; cedera otak traumatik sedang; anesthesia management; pediatric patient; traumatic brain injury

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol6i1.33

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