Manajemen Anestesi pada Pasien dengan Tumor Regio Pineal yang Menjalani Kraniotomi Pengangkatan Tumor dengan Posisi Duduk

Monika Widiastuti, Dewi Yulianti Bisri, M Sofyan Harahap, Syafruddin Gaus

Abstract


Tumor regio pineal memiliki insiden 0.4-1% dari tumor intracranial. Lokasinya yang dalam, di antara kedua hemisfer otak, berdekatan dengan batang otak dan hipotalamus menjadi tantangan bagi bedah saraf. Operasi dengan supracerebellar approach dalam posisi duduk adalah pilihan terbaik untuk mencapai lokasi. Posisi duduk juga memfasilitasi lapang operasi yang optimal dengan retraksi cerebellum minimal. Posisi duduk membawa tantangan tersendiri untuk dokter anestesi, dengan segala kompleksitas saat memposisikan pasien dan risiko komplikasinya. Venous air embolism adalah pertimbangan utama yang jika tidak terdeteksi dan ditangani dapat menyebabkan kolaps kardiovaskular dalam waktu singkat. Pasien laki-laki berusia 38 tahun datang dengan keluhan nyeri kepala berat dan penglihatan kabur sejak 4 bulan sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Hasil Magnetic Resonance Imaging menunjukkan adanya massa di regio pineal dengan edema perifokal, tanpa deviasi struktur midline. Pasien dilakukan kraniotomi pengangkatan tumor dalam posisi duduk. Operasi berjalan selama 10 jam dengan hemodinamika stabil dan tidak terjadi komplikasi, dalam anestesi umum dengan kombinasi intravena dan inhalasi. Prinsip ABCDE neuroanestesi, posisi duduk dan implikasinya, dan lokasi operasi yang sulit adalah pertimbangan-pertimbangan anestesi yang harus diperhatikan pada pasien ini. Evaluasi preoperasi yang baik, komunikasi dan koordinasi yang baik antara tim bedah dan anestesi sangat diperlukan untuk kelancaran dalam kraniotomi dalam posisi duduk.

 

Anesthetic Management of Patient with Pineal Region Tumor Underwent Craniotomy Tumor Removal in Sitting Position


Abstract

Incidence of pineal regio tumor is 0.4-1% of intracranial tumors. Its location which is buried between two cerebral hemispheres, close to brainstem and hypothalamus become a difficult challenge for the neurosurgeon. Surgery with supracerebellar approach in sitting position is the best method to access the lesion. Sitting position also facilitates the optimal visual field with minimal retractions. However, for anesthesiologist, sitting position is challenging since it has its own complexities during positioning the patient and the risk of complications. Venous air embolism is one of the main concern and if not detected early and treated appropriately would leads to cardiovascular collapse instantly. This is a case of a 38-year-old male with chief complaint of severe headache and blurred vision started 4 months before admission. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a pineal region tumor with perifocal edema, without midline deviation. The patient underwent craniotomy tumor removal with sitting position. The procedure lasted for 10 hours and uneventful. The principle of ABCDE neuroanesthesia, sitting position and its implications, and difficult tumor location are some anesthesia considerations for this patient. A thorough preoperative evaluation, good communication and coordination between surgery and anesthesia team are needed for a smooth uneventful procedure performed in sitting position.


Keywords


umor regio pineal, kraniotomi posisi duduk, neuroanestesi, venous air embolism

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.v10i3.409

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