Pengelolaan Anestesi pada Perdarahan Intrakranial Akibat Stroke Hemoragik

Diana Christine Lalenoh, Tatang Bisri

Abstract


Perdarahan Intraserebral /Intra cerebral haemorrhage (ICH) terjadi pada sekitar 20 orang dalam 100.000 populasi per tahunnya. Tipikal pasien stroke hemoragik adalah sepuluh tahun lebih muda dari pasien stroke iskemik. Mayoritas lokasi perdarahan ICH adalah subkortikal dan lebih 50% dari perdarahan intraserebral spontan terjadi dalam ganglia basalis. Populasi yang beresiko tinggi adalah pria, usia lanjut, serta ras Afrika, Amerika, dan Asia. Stroke merupakan satu diantara sekian banyak situasi klinik yang memerlukan proteksi sistem saraf optimal. Obat-obatan seperti Barbiturat, Etomidat, Propofol, Isofluran, Metilprednisolon, Tirilazad mesylat, Nimodipin, Nikardipin, dan Mannitol sering digunakan untuk proteksi jaringan saraf. Pada laporan kasus ini dilaporkan keberhasilan penanganan anestesi pada penderita pria, 41 tahun, berat badan 60 kg, dengan diagnosis Perdarahan Intrakranial/ICH parietal kiri dengan edema ec stroke hemoragik. Pasien menjalani tindakan kraniotomi untuk evakuasi bekuan darah yang durante operasi ditemukan pada percabangan arteri serebri media kiri (arteri Talamostriata). Tekanan darah awal saat masuk kamar operasi adalah 214/142 mmHg, laju nadi 92 kali/menit, laju napas 28 kali/menit, suhu 360C. Glasgow Coma Scale / GCS E1 V1 M4. Sesudah tiga setengah jam operasi selesai dan pasien ditransfer ke Intensive Care Unit / ICU. Sesudah enam hari pasien dipindahkan ke ruangan. Penanganan anestesi untuk perdarahan intrakranial karena stroke hemoragik adalah sangat penting untuk menerapkan prinsip dasar neuroproteksi baik secara farmakologik maupun non farmakologik, di samping penanganan untuk hipertensi emergensi.

 

Anesthesia Management in Intracranial Haemorrhagic Because of Haemorrhagic Stroke

Intra cerebral haemorrhage (ICH) burdens approximately 20 in 100,000 people every year. The typical hemorrhagic stroke patient is ten years younger than the ischemic stroke patient. Most ICH bleeds are subcortical and over 50% of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages occur in the basal ganglia. Populations at greatest risk include men, the elderly and African American, and Asian. Stroke is one of among clinical situations where protecting the central nervous system is a priority. Drugs such as barbiturates, etomidate, propofol, isoflurane, methylprednisolone, tirilazad mesylate, nimodipine, nicardipine, and mannitol are used for protecting the nervous tissue. Here we report successful anesthetic management in male, 41 yrs old, 60 kgs body weight, diagnose was left parietal Intra Cranial Haemorrhage (ICH) with oedema ec Haemorrhage stroke. Undergoing Craniotomy procedure to evacuate blood clot in left median cerebral artery (Thalamo Striata artery). Blood pressure was 214 / 142 mmHg, HR 92 x / m, RR 28 x /m ,core temperature 360 C. GCS E1 V1 M4. After undergoing 3 hours and 30 minutes anesthesia for craniotomy was ended, patient transfer to ICU. After 6 days patient was transfer to ward. Anesthesia managementi in Intracranial Bleeding ec Haemorrhagic Stroke is very important for basic brain rescucitation perioperatively with pharmacological and non pharmacological strategies, besides principle management of hypertensive emergencies.


Keywords


Perdarahan intraserebral; anestesia; hipertensi; intracerebral haemorrhagic; anesthesia; hypertension

Full Text:

PDF

References


Hartmann A, Henning M, Mohr JP, Koennecke HC, Osipov A, Pile-Spellman, et al. Morbidity of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation. American Journal of the American Heart Assosciation; 1998. Available in stroke-ahajournals.org.

Jauch EC. Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Ferne. Foundation for education and research in neurological emergencies 2001: 3-10.

Hsieh PC, Awad IA, Getch CC, Bendok BR, Rosenblatt SS, Batjer HH. Current updates in perioperative management of intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurol Clin 2006; 24:745-64.

Mc. Donagh DL, Matthew JP. Perioperative stroke. Where do we go from here? Editorial views. The American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Anesthesiology 2011; XXX (V) : 1 – 3.

Sreedhar R, Gadhinglajkar SV. Pharmacological Neuroprotection. Indian J. Anaesth. 2003; 47 (1) : 8 – 22. Bhojraj Award – 2002 Winning Review Article. 2003, 8.

Gamboa C, Sloan EP. Intracerebral hemorrhage. Ferne. Foundation for education and research in neurological emergencies: 2010: 5–26.

Rincon F, Mayer SA. Clinical review: Critical Care Management of Spontan Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Review. Crit Care 2008; 12 : 237. Available online http://ccforum.com/content/12/6/237.

Tong C, Konig MW, Roberts PR, et al. Autonomic Dysfunction Secondary to Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Case Report. Anesth Analg 2000; 91: 1450–1.

Elliott J, Smith M. The acute management of Intracerebral Haemorrhage: A Clinical Review. Anesth Analg 2010; 56 (1): 21 – 2.

Manoach S, Charchaflieh JG. Traumatic Brain Injury, Stroke, and Brain Death. Dalam: Newfield P, Cottrell JE, eds. Handbook of Neuroanesthesia. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Handbook: 432 -39.

Broderick J, Connolly S, Fieldman E, et al. Guidelines for the management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in adults. AHA/ ASA guideline. Stroke. American Heart Association, Inc 2007; 38: 2001–23.

Bisri T. Panduan tata laksana terapi cairan perioperatif. UNPAD : 2009.

The Canadian Stroke Strategy. Canadian best practice recommendation for stroke care, 2006.

Pong RP, Lam AM. Anesthetic Management of Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery. Dalam: Cottrell JE, Young WL,eds. Cottrell and Young’s Neuroanesthesia. USA: Mosby Elsevier; 2010: 218-41.

Ryan S, Kopelnik A, Zaroff J. Intracranial hemorrhage: Intensive Care Management. Dalam: Gupta AK, Gelb AW, eds. Essentials of Neuroanesthesia and Neurointensive Care. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2008, 229-35.

Godsiff LS, Matta BF. Intensive Care Management of Intracranial Haemorrhage. Dalam: Matta BF, Menon DK, Turner JM, eds. Textbook of Neuroanaesthesia and Critical Care. London: Greenwich Medical Ltd ;2000, 331-9.

Petrozza PH, Prough DS. Post operative and Intensive Care. Dalam: Cottrell JE, Smith DS, eds. Anesthesia and Neurosurgery. 4th ed. Mosby, Inc. A Harcourt Health Sciences Company : 2001; 623-9; 655-6.

Rost N, Rosand J. Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Dalam: Torbey MT, ed. Neuro Critical Care. New York: Cambridge University Press;2010;143-56.

Bisri DY, Bisri T. Pengelolaan perioperatif stroke hemoragik. JNI 2012; 1 (1):59-66.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i4.182

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


                                    

 

JNI is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License