Pengelolaan Anestesi pada Perdarahan Intrakranial Akibat Stroke Hemoragik
Abstract
Perdarahan Intraserebral /Intra cerebral haemorrhage (ICH) terjadi pada sekitar 20 orang dalam 100.000 populasi per tahunnya. Tipikal pasien stroke hemoragik adalah sepuluh tahun lebih muda dari pasien stroke iskemik. Mayoritas lokasi perdarahan ICH adalah subkortikal dan lebih 50% dari perdarahan intraserebral spontan terjadi dalam ganglia basalis. Populasi yang beresiko tinggi adalah pria, usia lanjut, serta ras Afrika, Amerika, dan Asia. Stroke merupakan satu diantara sekian banyak situasi klinik yang memerlukan proteksi sistem saraf optimal. Obat-obatan seperti Barbiturat, Etomidat, Propofol, Isofluran, Metilprednisolon, Tirilazad mesylat, Nimodipin, Nikardipin, dan Mannitol sering digunakan untuk proteksi jaringan saraf. Pada laporan kasus ini dilaporkan keberhasilan penanganan anestesi pada penderita pria, 41 tahun, berat badan 60 kg, dengan diagnosis Perdarahan Intrakranial/ICH parietal kiri dengan edema ec stroke hemoragik. Pasien menjalani tindakan kraniotomi untuk evakuasi bekuan darah yang durante operasi ditemukan pada percabangan arteri serebri media kiri (arteri Talamostriata). Tekanan darah awal saat masuk kamar operasi adalah 214/142 mmHg, laju nadi 92 kali/menit, laju napas 28 kali/menit, suhu 360C. Glasgow Coma Scale / GCS E1 V1 M4. Sesudah tiga setengah jam operasi selesai dan pasien ditransfer ke Intensive Care Unit / ICU. Sesudah enam hari pasien dipindahkan ke ruangan. Penanganan anestesi untuk perdarahan intrakranial karena stroke hemoragik adalah sangat penting untuk menerapkan prinsip dasar neuroproteksi baik secara farmakologik maupun non farmakologik, di samping penanganan untuk hipertensi emergensi.
Anesthesia Management in Intracranial Haemorrhagic Because of Haemorrhagic Stroke
Intra cerebral haemorrhage (ICH) burdens approximately 20 in 100,000 people every year. The typical hemorrhagic stroke patient is ten years younger than the ischemic stroke patient. Most ICH bleeds are subcortical and over 50% of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages occur in the basal ganglia. Populations at greatest risk include men, the elderly and African American, and Asian. Stroke is one of among clinical situations where protecting the central nervous system is a priority. Drugs such as barbiturates, etomidate, propofol, isoflurane, methylprednisolone, tirilazad mesylate, nimodipine, nicardipine, and mannitol are used for protecting the nervous tissue. Here we report successful anesthetic management in male, 41 yrs old, 60 kgs body weight, diagnose was left parietal Intra Cranial Haemorrhage (ICH) with oedema ec Haemorrhage stroke. Undergoing Craniotomy procedure to evacuate blood clot in left median cerebral artery (Thalamo Striata artery). Blood pressure was 214 / 142 mmHg, HR 92 x / m, RR 28 x /m ,core temperature 360 C. GCS E1 V1 M4. After undergoing 3 hours and 30 minutes anesthesia for craniotomy was ended, patient transfer to ICU. After 6 days patient was transfer to ward. Anesthesia managementi in Intracranial Bleeding ec Haemorrhagic Stroke is very important for basic brain rescucitation perioperatively with pharmacological and non pharmacological strategies, besides principle management of hypertensive emergencies.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol1i4.182
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