Pengelolaan Anestesi pada Anak dengan Hidrosefalus

Kenanga Marwan, Eri Surahman, Siti Chasnak Saleh

Abstract


Hidrosefalus merupakan suatu kelainan yang sering ditemukan pada anak dimana terjadi dilatasi pada sistem ventrikel otak akibat akumulasi cairan otak dengan berbagai penyebab. Secara klinis, gambaran kenaikan tekanan intrakranial pada anak berbeda sesuai perkembangan usianya. Adanya kenaikan tekanan intrakranial ini memberikan konsekuensi klinis berupa intervensi pembedahan, karena bila tidak bisa berakibat fatal. Beberapa alternatif tindakan yang biasanya dilakukan terutama adalah pemasangan pintasan (shunt) untuk mengalirkan cairan otak keluar, sehingga tekanan intrakranial kembali normal. Manajemen perioperatif anestesi terutama dikhususkan berdasarkan kondisi klinis penderita, pemilihan obat-obat anestesi yang digunakan, pengelolaan jalan napas dan perawatan pascabedah. Hal ini menjadi suatu tantangan bagi ahli anestesi, karena adanya tekanan intrakranial yang tinggi, kesadaran yang menurun, resiko aspirasi dan bentuk anatomi jalan napas yang berbeda dengan dewasa, sehingga perlu perhatian khusus pada saat mengamankan jalan napas dan pengelolaan anestesi.

 

Anaesthetic Management for Hydrocephalus in Children

Hydrocephalus is an abnormal condition, often found in children, where there is a dilatation in the brain ventricle system due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid because of many etiologies. Clinical feature demonstrates increasing intracranial pressure in children which is different type at any age. This condition needs an interventional surgery. Usually the neurosurgeon will insert a shunt to drain the cerebrospinal fluid lower the intracranial pressure back to normal values. Anesthetic perioperative management is especially based on the clinical condition of the patient, selected the anesthetic agent, airway management and post-operative care. This has become a challenge for the anesthesiologist, because of increasing intracranial pressure, decreased consciousness status, aspiration risk and different anatomical airway form compared to adults, which require special attention to secure the airway.


Keywords


Anak; hidrosefalus; manajemen anestesi; tekanan intrakranial; anaesthetic management; intracranial pressure; hydrocephalus; paediatric

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol3i1.131

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