Diabetes Insipidus Pascaoperasi Kraniopharingioma pada Anak

Achmad Wahib Wahju Winarso, Siti Chasnak Saleh, Sri Rahardjo

Abstract


Kraniopharingioma adalah malformasi embriogenik sebagian berbentuk kistik dari area selar dan paraselar. Tumor epitel jarang timbul di sepanjang jalan saluran kraniopharyngeal. Tumor ini biasanya menyebabkan gangguan neurologis, endokrinologis, atau gejala visual. Diagnosis untuk kraniopharingioma anak dan orang dewasa ditandai dengan kombinasi sakit kepala, gangguan penglihatan, dan poliuria/polidipsia, yang juga bisa termasuk penambahan berat badan yang signifikan. Dengan kejadian sampai 0,5–2,0 kasus baru per juta penduduk per tahun terjadi pada anak-anak dan remaja. Pada anak sering mengalami gangguan  pertumbuhan, dan atau pubertas dini pascaoperasi. Penatalaksanaan pembedahan dengan lokalisasi tumor yang menguntungkan adalah reseksi lengkap; pada lokalisasi tumor yang tidak menguntungkan, operasi radikal adalah terapi pilihan pada kraniopharingioma. Seorang anak perempuan 11 tahun dengan keluhan pusing, mual, muntah dengan disertai tanda-tanda dehidrasi ringan tanpa ada gangguan visus yang menurun. Saat di IGD dilakukan rehidrasi, pemeriksaan diagnostik ditemukan adanya hidrosefalus dan direncanakan pemesangan VP–Shunt dengan menggunakan anestesia umum. Manajemen dari tumor intrakranial dengan hidrosefalus yang mengalami dehidrasi pada situasi darurat merupakan tantangan dokter anestesi. Sepuluh hari kemudian dilakukan eksisi tumor dengan anestesi umum. Sebuah prosedur gabungan seperti di atas memerlukan diskusi dan kordinasi untuk memastikan kondisi pascaoperasi. Manifestasi patologis, serta tantangan-tantangan khusus gejala sisa yang timbul, memerlukan tindakan diagnosis, pengobatan (terutama titik waktu yang ideal iradiasi), dan kualitas hidup dengan penyakit kronis ini (obesitas) dengan melibatkan managemen multidisiplin seumur hidup untuk orang dewasa dan anak-anak penderita kraniopharingioma.

 

Diabetes Insipidus Post Craniopharyngioma Surgery in Pediatric

Craniopharingioma is shaped cystic malformation embryogenic portion of the small opening area and paraselar. Epithelial tumors rarely arise along the way craniopharyngeal channels. These tumors usually cause neurological disorders, endocrinological, or visual symptoms. Craniopharyngioma diagnosis for children and adults is characterized by a combination of headache, visual disturbances, and polyuria/polydipsia, which also can include significant weight gain. With events until 0.5 to 2.0 new cases per million population per year occur in children and adolescents. On postoperative impaired child growth, or early puberty. Management of surgery with favorable tumor localization is complete resection; the unfavorable tumor localization, radical surgery is the treatment of choice in craniopharyngioma. A daughter 11 yrs with complaints of dizziness, nausea, vomiting accompanied by signs of mild dehydration without any interruption decreased visual acuity. While in the emergency room rehydration, diagnostic examinations found their planned hydrocephalus and VP-Shunt custom installation using general anesthesia. Management of intracranial tumors with hydrocephalus dehydrated in emergency situations is a challenge anesthetist. Ten days later the tumor excision under general anesthesia. A combined procedure as above require discussion and coordination to ensure post-surgical conditions. Pathological manifestations, as well as the specific challenges that arise sequelae, require action diagnosis, treatment (particularly ideal time point irradiation), and quality of life with this chronic disease (obesity) involving multi-disciplinary management of a lifetime for adults and children ren craniopharyngioma patients.


Keywords


Kraniopharingioma; bedah saraf; kualitas hidup; craniopharyngioma; neurosurgery; quality of life

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24244/jni.vol4i2.117

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